RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Hypercalcemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
confusion, increased HR and BP, Dysrhythmias, blood clots form
easily, risk for DVT
◉ Hyponatremia S/S
Answer: hyperactive bowel sounds, Weakness, Lethargy,
Confusion, Muscle cramps, Twitching, Seizures, Coma, Death
◉ Hypernatremia S/S
Answer: S = Skin flushed
A = Agitation
L = Low-grade fever
T = Thirst
eye twitching
◉ Hypophosphatemia S/S
Answer: ↓Cardiac Output and Contractility
Slowed Respirations
Weakness
, ↓DTR
↓Bone Density
Irritability/Confusion/Seizures
↓Platelet aggregation
↑Bleeding
Immunosupression
◉ Hyperphosphatemia S/S
Answer: Causes hypocalcemia:
+Trousseau's and Chvosteks
◉ Hypomagnesemia S/S
Answer: Torsades de Pointes (tornado in the heart) Afib, Vfib,
Prolonged QT, flattened T wave, N/T, painful muscle contractions,
decreased GI, constipations, nausea, paralytic ileus
◉ Hypermagnesemia S/S
Answer: Brady, hypotension, cardiac arrest, lethargy, coma, resp
failure, death
◉ Hyperkalemia causes and treatment
Answer: Causes: ACE inhibitors, kidney failure, multiple blood
transfusions, excessive or too rapid IV potassium
Treatment: Excrete excess potassium (with drugs), force
potassium from ECF back into cells
ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Hypercalcemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
confusion, increased HR and BP, Dysrhythmias, blood clots form
easily, risk for DVT
◉ Hyponatremia S/S
Answer: hyperactive bowel sounds, Weakness, Lethargy,
Confusion, Muscle cramps, Twitching, Seizures, Coma, Death
◉ Hypernatremia S/S
Answer: S = Skin flushed
A = Agitation
L = Low-grade fever
T = Thirst
eye twitching
◉ Hypophosphatemia S/S
Answer: ↓Cardiac Output and Contractility
Slowed Respirations
Weakness
, ↓DTR
↓Bone Density
Irritability/Confusion/Seizures
↓Platelet aggregation
↑Bleeding
Immunosupression
◉ Hyperphosphatemia S/S
Answer: Causes hypocalcemia:
+Trousseau's and Chvosteks
◉ Hypomagnesemia S/S
Answer: Torsades de Pointes (tornado in the heart) Afib, Vfib,
Prolonged QT, flattened T wave, N/T, painful muscle contractions,
decreased GI, constipations, nausea, paralytic ileus
◉ Hypermagnesemia S/S
Answer: Brady, hypotension, cardiac arrest, lethargy, coma, resp
failure, death
◉ Hyperkalemia causes and treatment
Answer: Causes: ACE inhibitors, kidney failure, multiple blood
transfusions, excessive or too rapid IV potassium
Treatment: Excrete excess potassium (with drugs), force
potassium from ECF back into cells
