C458 - Health, Fitness, and Wellness Practice
Questions with Verified Correct Answers
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies
the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are
consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of
laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
,episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when
not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars
in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion
sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease,
stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate
nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
, required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels
in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the
risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen
atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a
substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two
partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively
charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
Questions with Verified Correct Answers
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies
the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are
consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of
laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
,episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when
not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars
in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion
sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease,
stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate
nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
, required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels
in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the
risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during
oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen
atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a
substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two
partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively
charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
