Pediatric HESI Exam Questions and Answers 2026–2027 | Pediatrics Nursing Practice Test, Rationales and Exam Review PDF

HESIRN Peds Hesi (1)
b b b b




ChamberlainCollegeofNursing NR322 b b b b




ESE Study Guide
b b b




Medicationcalculations(IM,mg&ml; IV-gtt/min)
b b b b b b




Growth&DevelopmentTablesH182-184 b b b b b




❖ Infant(birth to one year)
b b b b




• Developmental milestones b




o Birth weight doubles by6 months b b b b b




▪ Triples by12 months b b b




o Birth length increases by 50%at 12 months
b b b b b b b




o Posterior fontanel closes by8 weeks b b b b b




o Social smileoccurs at 2 months b b b b b




o Headturns to locatesounds at 3 months b b b b b b b




o Moro reflex disappears around 4 months b b b b b




o Steadyhead control is achieved at 4 months b b b b b b b




o Rolls from abdomen to back and backto abdomen at 5-6 months
b b b b b b b b b b b




o Plays peek-a- boo after 6 months b b b b b




o Transfers objects from hand tohand at 7 months b b b b b b b b




o Developsstranger anxietyat 7-9 months b b b b b




o Sits unsupported at 8 months
b b b b




o Crawls at 10 months b b b




o Fine pincer grasp appears at 10 -12 months
b b b b b b b




o Wavesbyebyeat10months b b b b b




o Walkswithassistanceat 10-12months b b b b b




o Says afew words in addition to “mama”or “dada” at 12 months
b b b b b b b b b b b b




o Explores environment bymotor and oral means b b b b b b




• Erickson’s theory: developing asenseof trust (trust vs mistrust)
b b b b b b b b b b




• Nursingimplications
b




o Duringhospitalizationtheinfants emerging skills maydisappear b b b b b b b




1

,HESIRN Peds Hesi (1)
b b b b




o If the parents arenot bale to be with the infant the babymaybe
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




inconsolable due to separation anxiety
b b b b b




o Thenurseshouldplanto havethe parentsbepartof theinfant’s careand
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




should encourage them to do so
b b b b b b




o Respecttheinfant’sscheduleathomebyassessingandimplementing b b b b b b b b b




components as possible
b b b




o Preparationand teaching shouldbedirected tothefamilyhoweverthe b b b b b b b b b b




nurse should always speak to the infant especially while performing
b b b b b b b b b b




painful or stressful procedures
b b b b




o Toysfor hospitalizedinfantsinclude:
b b b b




▪ Mobiles
▪ Rattles
▪ Squeakingtoys b




▪ Picturebooks b




▪ Balls
▪ Coloredblocks b




▪ Activityboxes b




❖ Toddler(1-3years) b b




• Developmental milestones b




o Birthweight quadruples by30 months
b b b b b




o Achieves 50% of adult height by2 years b b b b b b b




o Growth velocityslows b b




o Appears tobe bowlegged and potbellied b b b b b




o All primaryteeth (20) are present
b b b b b




o Anterior fontanel closes by12-18 months b b b b b




o Throws aball overhand at 18 months b b b b b b




o Kicks aball at 24 months b b b b b




o Feeds self with spoon and cupat 2 years b b b b b b b b




o Daytimetoilet training can usuallybe started around 2 years b b b b b b b b b




o Twoto threeword sentences are spoken by2 years
b b b b b b b b b




2

,HESIRN Peds Hesi (1)
b b b b




o Threeto four word sentencespoken by3 years
b b b b b b b b




o Own first and last name can bestated by2 ½ to 3 years
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




o Tempertantrumsarecommon b b b




• Erikson’stheory:developingasenseofautonomy(autonomyvsdoubtand
b b b b b b b b b b b




shame)
b




• Nursingimplications
b




o Givesimplebrief explanationsbeforeprocedures keepinginmind thata1
b b b b b b b b b b b




year old does not benefit from the same explanation as that given to a 3
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




year old
b b




o Duringhospitalizationenforcedseparationfromparents isthegreatest
b b b b b b b b




threat to the toddler’s psychological and emotional integrity
b b b b b b b b




o Securityobjectsorfavoritetoysfrom home should beprovided fora b b b b b b b b b b b




toddler
b




o Teach parentsto explain their planstothechild
b b b b b b b b




o Respectthechild’s routineandimplement whenpossible b b b b b b b




o Expectregression like bedwetting b b b b




o Toysforhospitalizedtoddlersincludeboardand mallet,pushpulltoys,toy
b b b b b b b b b b b




telephones, stuffed animals, story books with pictures, depending on the
b b b b b b b b b b




reason for hospitalization. Toddlers benefit form being taken to the
b b b b b b b b b b




hospital playroom when able because mobility is very important to their
b b b b b b b b b b b




development
b




o Toddlersarelearningtonamebodyparts andareconcerned abouttheir b b b b b b b b b b b




bodies
b




o Verybasicexplanations shouldbegiven totoddlers aboutprocedures
b b b b b b b b b




o Autonomyshould besupported byproviding guidedchoices when b b b b b b b b




appropriate
b




❖ Preschoolchild (3-6years)
b b b




• Developmental milestones b




o Each year achild gains about 5 lbs and grows2 ½ to 3 inches
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




o Achildstands erect with moreslender posture
b b b b b b b




3

, HESIRN Peds Hesi (1)
b b b b




o Achild learns to run jump skip and hop
b b b b b b b b




o A3 year old can rideatricycle
b b b b b b b




o Handednessis established b b




o Achilduses scissors at 4 yrs
b b b b b b




o Achild ties shoelaces at 5 yrs
b b b b b b




o Achildlearns colors and shapes
b b b b b




o Visualacuityapproaches 20/20 b b b




o Thinkingis egocentric and concrete b b b b




o Achild uses sentences of fiveto eight words
b b b b b b b b




o Achildlearns sexualidentity(curiosity and masturbation are common)
b b b b b b b b b




o Imaginaryplaymates and fears are common b b b b b




o Aggressiveness at 4 yrs is replaced bymore independenceat 5 years b b b b b b b b b b b




• Erikson’s theory: developingasenseof initiative(initiativevs guilt)
b b b b b b b b b




• Nursingimplications
b




o Nursing care for hospitalized preschoolers should emphasize b b b b b b




understandingofthechild’segocentricity.Explainthatheorshedidnot
b b b b b b b b b b b b




cause the illness and that painful procedures are not a punishment for
b b b b b b b b b b b b




misdeeds
b




o Thechild’squestionsshouldbeansweredatthechild’slevelusesimple
b b b b b b b b b b b




words that will be understood by the child
b b b b b b b b




o Therapeutic playormedical playthat allows the child to act out hisor her b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




experiences is helpful
b b b




o Fearofmutilation byprocedures is commonaband –aid maybequite
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




helpful in restoring body integrity
b b b b b




o Toys and play for the hospitalized preschooler include coloring books,
b b b b b b b b b




puzzles, cutting and pasting, dolls, building blocks, clay and toys that
b b b b b b b b b b b




allowthepreschoolerto workouthospitalizationexperiencesdepending
b b b b b b b b b




on the reason for hospitalization
b b b b b




o The preschooler needs preparation for procedures he or she should
b b b b b b b b b




understand whatis andwhatis notgoingtobe“fixed”simpleexplanations
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




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