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Page 1 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&9
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
What are the two forms of immunity?
Describe them
-Innate: First line of defense that is always on (Nonspecific)
-Adaptive: Delayed response that is activated and targets pathogenic
bacteria (VerySpecific)
what is lymphocytes?
white blood cells that help defend the body by recognizing/responding to
microbes and abnormal cells.
How does skin protect against microbes?
-serves as a keratin shield
-oil protects the skin
-skin uses "flushing mechanisms"
How does mucous membranes protect against microbes?
-the mucous barrier is semipermeable and traps microbes
ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Microbiology Final Exam Q&A.pdfPage 1 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
,ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
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Page 2 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&9
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
SALT, MALT, GALT: What are they where do they work
-Frontline immune defense team
Salt: in Skin
Malt: in Mucous
Galt: in Gut
How does lung mucosa protect against microbes?
-Mucus traps microbes and particles
-Cilia beat upward, moving the mucus toward the throat (causing a sneeze)
How does chemical barriers protect against microbes?
-Lysosomes found in tears, saliva, mucus, and sweat breaks down bacterial
cell walls
What are the two types of organs?
Primary and Secondary
Describe primary organs?
Give examples
-where lymphocytes mature
-Bone Marrow (B Cells)
-Thymus (T cells)
ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Microbiology Final Exam Q&A.pdfPage 2 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 1 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&9
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
What are the two forms of immunity?
Describe them
-Innate: First line of defense that is always on (Nonspecific)
-Adaptive: Delayed response that is activated and targets pathogenic
bacteria (VerySpecific)
what is lymphocytes?
white blood cells that help defend the body by recognizing/responding to
microbes and abnormal cells.
How does skin protect against microbes?
-serves as a keratin shield
-oil protects the skin
-skin uses "flushing mechanisms"
How does mucous membranes protect against microbes?
-the mucous barrier is semipermeable and traps microbes
ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Microbiology Final Exam Q&A.pdfPage 1 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
,ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Page 2 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&9
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
SALT, MALT, GALT: What are they where do they work
-Frontline immune defense team
Salt: in Skin
Malt: in Mucous
Galt: in Gut
How does lung mucosa protect against microbes?
-Mucus traps microbes and particles
-Cilia beat upward, moving the mucus toward the throat (causing a sneeze)
How does chemical barriers protect against microbes?
-Lysosomes found in tears, saliva, mucus, and sweat breaks down bacterial
cell walls
What are the two types of organs?
Primary and Secondary
Describe primary organs?
Give examples
-where lymphocytes mature
-Bone Marrow (B Cells)
-Thymus (T cells)
ttps://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
??????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(@)&$(&%*&%*&(&%@&*($#(*&98oMicrobiology
Microbiology Final Exam Q&A.pdfPage 2 of 1110/20/2026https://www.stuvia.com/user/????????????????????"OP@)(@)(*#@(#*@#&*$^&)(*@)$*$(&(Y&*&%Y&*(
Final Exam Q&A.pdf10/20/2026, 4:09:33
Final Exam
AM Q&A.pd
