Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is
observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the
following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a
supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which
cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:
D
, The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while
its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic
state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for
the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which
region of the cell would most of the genetic information be
contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large
amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding
proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus.
Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes
are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling
that is a component of the cell.
REF: p. 2
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the
cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed
by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer.
Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell
adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
, d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on
the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic
cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would
suNppoRrt thIe dG
iagnBo.siC
s ofMmetastatic cancer
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of
cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in
direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from
cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither
desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular
communication.
REF: p. 11
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of
glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an
example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators
that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of
insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the
other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance
converted to a product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not
dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the
remaining options.
REF: p.
16
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is
observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the
following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a
supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which
cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:
D
, The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while
its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic
state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for
the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which
region of the cell would most of the genetic information be
contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large
amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding
proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus.
Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes
are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling
that is a component of the cell.
REF: p. 2
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the
cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed
by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer.
Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell
adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
, d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on
the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic
cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would
suNppoRrt thIe dG
iagnBo.siC
s ofMmetastatic cancer
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of
cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in
direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from
cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither
desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular
communication.
REF: p. 11
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of
glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an
example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators
that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of
insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the
other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance
converted to a product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not
dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the
remaining options.
REF: p.
16
