Test Bank for McCance and Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children, 10th Edition – All Chapters Complete Guide | Latest 2026/2027 Verified Correct Questions and Answers

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
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fn Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
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2026-2027 fn

, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE fn




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
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Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
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descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 2 fn




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome f n f n




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C fn



Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
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histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
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genetic information.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 2 fn




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
fn p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes f n




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B fn



Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
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that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
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accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
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(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
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through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
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saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
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digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
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acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 8 fn




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
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injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum fn fn



b. Golgi complex fn d. Lysosomes f n




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D fn

, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
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leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
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or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
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their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
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describe this process.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PGs 7-8 fn




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
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fn cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
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membrane.fn



b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
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membrane.fn



c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A fn



Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
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membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 7 | Figure 1-5 fn fn fn fn




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M f n




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B fn



Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
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synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
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nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
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between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
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which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 37 fn




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
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receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
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active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates f n




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C fn

, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
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electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino
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acids and monosaccharides; and
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(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
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ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
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ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
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environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PG 13 | PG 15 fn fn fn fn




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
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apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
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human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders fn fn fn



b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders fn fn fn



c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders fn fn fn



d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders fn fn fn




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B fn



Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
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human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
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other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n f n PG 15 fn




9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
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membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains fn c. Membrane channel proteins fn fn



b. Glycoprotein channels fn d. Lipid bilayer f n fn




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D fn



Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
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dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
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region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
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substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
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dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
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this process.
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PTS: f n f n 1 REF: f n PGs 12-13 fn




10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions fn fn fn fn



b. Why our bodies appear to be solid fn fn fn fn fn fn



c. How tissue is differentiated fn fn fn



d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A fn



Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn fn



self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
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options do not explain the mosaic model.
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