,SCI 221 Final Exam | Human Physiology (2026) Q&A
| Nightingale College
1. To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication
control system or network is required. What is this type of network called?
A) Effector control loop
B) Internal environmental control loop
C) Feedback control loop
D) Cyclical control loop
Correct Answer: Feedback control loop
Rationale: Self-regulation in the body is achieved through feedback control
loops, which are complex, integrated communication networks that monitor and
adjust physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These loops involve
receptors, a control center, and effectors.
2. Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical
signals.
A) Autoregulation
B) Homeostasis
C) Metabolism
D) Acclimation
Correct Answer: Autoregulation
,Rationale: Autoregulation refers to local control mechanisms that are intrinsic
to an organ or tissue. These mechanisms often utilize chemical signals to adjust
blood flow or other functions in response to local conditions without external
input from the nervous or endocrine systems.
3. The normal reading or range of a regulated physiological variable is called the:
A) Sensor point
B) Set point
C) Control point
D) Reference point
Correct Answer: Set point
Rationale: The set point is the normal value or range for a physiological
variable, such as body temperature or blood glucose. Homeostatic control
mechanisms work to maintain the variable at or near this set point.
4. Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a
blood clot are examples of:
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Feed-forward control
D) Homeostatic imbalance
Correct Answer: Positive feedback
, Rationale: Positive feedback mechanisms amplify a change rather than reversing
it. Blood clotting and the immune response are classic examples, where the initial
stimulus triggers a cascade of events that accelerate the process until a definitive
endpoint is reached.
5. The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a
change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called:
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Feed-forward control
D) Homeostatic control
Correct Answer: Feed-forward control
Rationale: Feed-forward control is a mechanism where a signal or information
flows ahead to trigger a change in anticipation of an event. This allows the body to
prepare for a change before it actually occurs, such as salivating before food enters
the mouth.
6. The body's thermostat is located in the:
A) Heart
B) Cerebellum
C) Pituitary
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: Hypothalamus
| Nightingale College
1. To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication
control system or network is required. What is this type of network called?
A) Effector control loop
B) Internal environmental control loop
C) Feedback control loop
D) Cyclical control loop
Correct Answer: Feedback control loop
Rationale: Self-regulation in the body is achieved through feedback control
loops, which are complex, integrated communication networks that monitor and
adjust physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These loops involve
receptors, a control center, and effectors.
2. Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical
signals.
A) Autoregulation
B) Homeostasis
C) Metabolism
D) Acclimation
Correct Answer: Autoregulation
,Rationale: Autoregulation refers to local control mechanisms that are intrinsic
to an organ or tissue. These mechanisms often utilize chemical signals to adjust
blood flow or other functions in response to local conditions without external
input from the nervous or endocrine systems.
3. The normal reading or range of a regulated physiological variable is called the:
A) Sensor point
B) Set point
C) Control point
D) Reference point
Correct Answer: Set point
Rationale: The set point is the normal value or range for a physiological
variable, such as body temperature or blood glucose. Homeostatic control
mechanisms work to maintain the variable at or near this set point.
4. Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a
blood clot are examples of:
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Feed-forward control
D) Homeostatic imbalance
Correct Answer: Positive feedback
, Rationale: Positive feedback mechanisms amplify a change rather than reversing
it. Blood clotting and the immune response are classic examples, where the initial
stimulus triggers a cascade of events that accelerate the process until a definitive
endpoint is reached.
5. The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a
change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called:
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Feed-forward control
D) Homeostatic control
Correct Answer: Feed-forward control
Rationale: Feed-forward control is a mechanism where a signal or information
flows ahead to trigger a change in anticipation of an event. This allows the body to
prepare for a change before it actually occurs, such as salivating before food enters
the mouth.
6. The body's thermostat is located in the:
A) Heart
B) Cerebellum
C) Pituitary
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: Hypothalamus
