,ASU NUR 326 Exam 1 | Health & Illness Concepts II
(2026) Q&A
1. Which statement best defines tissue integrity?
A) The state of structurally intact and physiologically functioning epithelial tissues
B) The ability of the skin to stretch and recoil
C) The presence of a localized inflammatory response
D) The absence of any pathogenic microorganisms
Correct Answer: The state of structurally intact and physiologically functioning
epithelial tissues
Rationale: Tissue integrity refers to structurally intact and physiologically
functioning epithelial tissues, including the integument and mucous membranes. It
is broader than elasticity, inflammation, or infection status alone. This
foundational definition underpins all wound and skin assessments.
2. A wound with well-approximated margins that heals rapidly with minimal
scarring is healing by which intention?
A) Secondary intention
B) Tertiary intention
C) Primary intention
D) Delayed primary intention
Correct Answer: Primary intention
,Rationale: Primary intention occurs when wound margins are well
approximated, such as with surgical incisions or clean lacerations, leading to rapid
healing and minimal scarring. Secondary intention involves granulation tissue
filling a gap, and tertiary intention involves delayed closure of a contaminated
wound.
3. Which risk factor most directly impairs tissue integrity by reducing peripheral
perfusion?
A) Obesity
B) Peripheral arterial disease
C) Adequate nutrition
D) Young age
Correct Answer: Peripheral arterial disease
Rationale: Peripheral arterial disease reduces blood flow to tissues, impairing
oxygen and nutrient delivery and slowing healing. Obesity, adequate nutrition, and
young age do not directly reduce perfusion in the same way. Poor perfusion is a
major modifiable risk factor for impaired tissue integrity.
4. A pressure injury with intact skin and non-blanchable erythema is classified as
which stage?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
Correct Answer: Stage 1
, Rationale: Stage 1 pressure injury is characterized by intact skin with non-
blanchable erythema over a bony prominence. Stage 2 involves partial-thickness
skin loss, Stage 3 involves full-thickness loss without exposed deep structures, and
Stage 4 involves exposed muscle, bone, or supporting structures.
5. Which instruction is essential when teaching a client with diabetic foot ulcers
about foot care?
A) Soak feet in hot water daily to improve circulation
B) Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, and redness
C) Walk barefoot at home to toughen the skin
D) Cut corns with a sharp instrument
Correct Answer: Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, and redness
Rationale: Daily foot inspection helps detect early signs of injury or infection
before they worsen. Hot water, barefoot walking, and self-cutting corns increase
the risk of injury and infection. Neuropathy and poor perfusion make early
detection critical.
6. Which statement about secondary wound healing is accurate?
A) Wound margins are well approximated and heal rapidly
B) Wound margins are not well approximated and require granulation tissue to fill
the gap
C) The wound is closed surgically after being left open
D) Healing occurs without any scar formation
(2026) Q&A
1. Which statement best defines tissue integrity?
A) The state of structurally intact and physiologically functioning epithelial tissues
B) The ability of the skin to stretch and recoil
C) The presence of a localized inflammatory response
D) The absence of any pathogenic microorganisms
Correct Answer: The state of structurally intact and physiologically functioning
epithelial tissues
Rationale: Tissue integrity refers to structurally intact and physiologically
functioning epithelial tissues, including the integument and mucous membranes. It
is broader than elasticity, inflammation, or infection status alone. This
foundational definition underpins all wound and skin assessments.
2. A wound with well-approximated margins that heals rapidly with minimal
scarring is healing by which intention?
A) Secondary intention
B) Tertiary intention
C) Primary intention
D) Delayed primary intention
Correct Answer: Primary intention
,Rationale: Primary intention occurs when wound margins are well
approximated, such as with surgical incisions or clean lacerations, leading to rapid
healing and minimal scarring. Secondary intention involves granulation tissue
filling a gap, and tertiary intention involves delayed closure of a contaminated
wound.
3. Which risk factor most directly impairs tissue integrity by reducing peripheral
perfusion?
A) Obesity
B) Peripheral arterial disease
C) Adequate nutrition
D) Young age
Correct Answer: Peripheral arterial disease
Rationale: Peripheral arterial disease reduces blood flow to tissues, impairing
oxygen and nutrient delivery and slowing healing. Obesity, adequate nutrition, and
young age do not directly reduce perfusion in the same way. Poor perfusion is a
major modifiable risk factor for impaired tissue integrity.
4. A pressure injury with intact skin and non-blanchable erythema is classified as
which stage?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
Correct Answer: Stage 1
, Rationale: Stage 1 pressure injury is characterized by intact skin with non-
blanchable erythema over a bony prominence. Stage 2 involves partial-thickness
skin loss, Stage 3 involves full-thickness loss without exposed deep structures, and
Stage 4 involves exposed muscle, bone, or supporting structures.
5. Which instruction is essential when teaching a client with diabetic foot ulcers
about foot care?
A) Soak feet in hot water daily to improve circulation
B) Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, and redness
C) Walk barefoot at home to toughen the skin
D) Cut corns with a sharp instrument
Correct Answer: Inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters, and redness
Rationale: Daily foot inspection helps detect early signs of injury or infection
before they worsen. Hot water, barefoot walking, and self-cutting corns increase
the risk of injury and infection. Neuropathy and poor perfusion make early
detection critical.
6. Which statement about secondary wound healing is accurate?
A) Wound margins are well approximated and heal rapidly
B) Wound margins are not well approximated and require granulation tissue to fill
the gap
C) The wound is closed surgically after being left open
D) Healing occurs without any scar formation
