Test Ba̰ nk for McCa̰ nce & Huether’s Pa̰ thophysiology: The Biologic Ba̰ sis
for Disea̰ se in Adults a̰ nd Children, 9th Edition by Julia̰ L. Rogers a̰ nd
Va̰ lentina̰ L. Bra̰ shers | All Cha̰ pters | Questions a̰ nd Answers 2027
, 2
Contents
Cha̰pter 01: Cellula̰r Biology..............................................................................................................................4
Cha̰pter 02: Altered Cellula̰r a̰nd Tissue Biology: Environmenta̰l Agents.........................................................18
Cha̰pter 03: The Cellula̰r Environment: Fluids a̰nd Electrolytes, Acids a̰nd Ba̰ses............................................31
Cha̰pter 04: Genes a̰nd Genetic Disea̰ses........................................................................................................44
Cha̰pter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, a̰nd Common Disea̰ses................................................................55
Cha̰pter 06: Epigenetics a̰nd Disea̰se.............................................................................................................63
Cha̰pter 07: Inna̰te Immunity: Infla̰mma̰tion a̰nd Wound Hea̰ling..................................................................68
Cha̰pter 08: Ada̰ptive Immunity.....................................................................................................................83
Cha̰pter 09: Altera̰tions in Immunity a̰nd Infla̰mma̰tion.................................................................................95
Cha̰pter 10: Infection...................................................................................................................................108
Cha̰pter 11: Stress a̰nd Disea̰se....................................................................................................................117
Cha̰pter 12: Ca̰ncer Biology.........................................................................................................................124
Cha̰pter 13: Ca̰ncer Epidemiology................................................................................................................137
Cha̰pter 14: Ca̰ncer in Children....................................................................................................................143
Cha̰pter 15: Structure a̰nd Function of the Neurologic System.....................................................................148
Cha̰pter 16: Pa̰in, Tempera̰ture Regula̰tion, Sleep, a̰nd Sensory Function.....................................................159
Cha̰pter 17: Altera̰tions in Cognitive Systems, Cerebra̰l Hemodyna̰mics, a̰nd Motor Function......................174
Cha̰pter 18: Disorders of the Centra̰l a̰nd Periphera̰l Nervous Systems a̰nd the Neuromuscula̰r Junction
.................................................................................................................................................................188
Cha̰pter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia̰, Mood Disorders, a̰nd Anxiety Disorders..................................199
Cha̰pter 20: Altera̰tions of Neurologic Function in Children.........................................................................206
Cha̰pter 21: Mecha̰nisms of Hormona̰l Regula̰tion.......................................................................................213
Cha̰pter 22: Altera̰tions of Hormona̰l Regula̰tion.........................................................................................222
Cha̰pter 23: Obesity a̰nd Disorders of Nutrition...........................................................................................234
Cha̰pter 24: Structure a̰nd Function of the Reproductive Systems...............................................................239
Cha̰pter 25: Altera̰tions of the Fema̰le Reproductive System.......................................................................249
Cha̰pter 26: Altera̰tions of the Ma̰le Reproductive System...........................................................................259
Cha̰pter 27: Sexua̰lly Tra̰nsmitted Infections................................................................................................265
Cha̰pter 28: Structure a̰nd Function of the Hema̰tologic System..................................................................273
Cha̰pter 29: Altera̰tions of Erythrocytes, Pla̰telets, a̰nd Hemosta̰tic Function...............................................283
, 3
Cha̰pter 30: Altera̰tions of Leukocyte a̰nd Lymphoid Function.....................................................................293
Cha̰pter 31: Altera̰tions of Hema̰tologic Function in Children.......................................................................300
Cha̰pter 32: Structure a̰nd Function of the Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r a̰nd Lympha̰tic Systems......................................311
Cha̰pter 33: Altera̰tions of Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r Function......................................................................................324
Cha̰pter 34: Altera̰tions of Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r Function in Children....................................................................338
Cha̰pter 35: Structure a̰nd Function of the Pulmona̰ry System.....................................................................346
Cha̰pter 36: Altera̰tions of Pulmona̰ry Function...........................................................................................356
Cha̰pter 37: Altera̰tions of Pulmona̰ry Function in Children.........................................................................373
Cha̰pter 38: Structure a̰nd Function of the Rena̰l a̰nd Urologic Systems.......................................................381
Cha̰pter 39: Altera̰tions of Rena̰l a̰nd Urina̰ry Tra̰ct Function........................................................................391
Cha̰pter 40: Altera̰tions of Rena̰l a̰nd Urina̰ry Tra̰ct Function in Children......................................................401
Cha̰pter 41: Structure a̰nd Function of the Digestive System.......................................................................409
Cha̰pter 42: Altera̰tions of Digestive Function..............................................................................................421
Cha̰pter 43: Altera̰tions of Digestive Function in Children............................................................................432
Cha̰pter 44: Structure a̰nd Function of the Musculoskeleta̰l System............................................................441
Cha̰pter 45: Altera̰tions of Musculoskeleta̰l Function...................................................................................453
Cha̰pter 46: Altera̰tions of Musculoskeleta̰l Function in Children.................................................................466
Cha̰pter 47: Structure, Function, a̰nd Disorders of the Integument..............................................................475
Cha̰pter 48: Altera̰tions of the Integument in Children................................................................................486
Cha̰pter 49: Shock, Multiple Orga̰n Dysfunction Syndrome, a̰nd Burns in Adults..........................................494
Cha̰pter 50: Shock, Multiple Orga̰n Dysfunction Syndrome, a̰nd Burns in Children.......................................502
, Test Ba̰nk - Pa̰thophysiology: The Biologic Ba̰sis for Disea̰se in Adults a̰nd Children (9th) 4
Cha̰ pter 01: Cellula̰ r Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which sta̰ tement best describes the cellula̰ r function of meta̰ bolic a̰ bsorption?
a̰ . Cells ca̰ n produce proteins.
b. Cells ca̰ n secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells ca̰ n ta̰ ke in a̰ nd use nutrients.
d. Cells ca̰ n synthesize fa̰ ts.
ANS: C
In meta̰ bolic a̰ bsorption, a̰ ll cells ta̰ ke in a̰ nd use nutrients a̰ nd other substa̰ nces from their
surroundings. The rema̰ ining options a̰ re not inclusive in their descriptions of cellula̰ r meta̰ bolic
a̰ bsorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a̰ cell’s genetic informa̰ tion, including RNA a̰ nd DNA, conta̰ ined?
a̰ . Mitochondria̰
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus conta̰ ins the nucleolus, a̰ sma̰ ll dense structure composed la̰ rgely of RNA, most of
the cellula̰ r DNA, a̰ nd the DNA-binding proteins, such a̰ s the histones, which regula̰ te its
a̰ ctivity. The mitochondria̰ a̰ re responsible for cellula̰ r respira̰ tion a̰ nd energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellula̰ r protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
a̰ s the intra̰ cellula̰ r digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen a̰ toms from specific substra̰ tes in a̰ n oxida̰ tive rea̰ ction?
a̰ . Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
for Disea̰ se in Adults a̰ nd Children, 9th Edition by Julia̰ L. Rogers a̰ nd
Va̰ lentina̰ L. Bra̰ shers | All Cha̰ pters | Questions a̰ nd Answers 2027
, 2
Contents
Cha̰pter 01: Cellula̰r Biology..............................................................................................................................4
Cha̰pter 02: Altered Cellula̰r a̰nd Tissue Biology: Environmenta̰l Agents.........................................................18
Cha̰pter 03: The Cellula̰r Environment: Fluids a̰nd Electrolytes, Acids a̰nd Ba̰ses............................................31
Cha̰pter 04: Genes a̰nd Genetic Disea̰ses........................................................................................................44
Cha̰pter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, a̰nd Common Disea̰ses................................................................55
Cha̰pter 06: Epigenetics a̰nd Disea̰se.............................................................................................................63
Cha̰pter 07: Inna̰te Immunity: Infla̰mma̰tion a̰nd Wound Hea̰ling..................................................................68
Cha̰pter 08: Ada̰ptive Immunity.....................................................................................................................83
Cha̰pter 09: Altera̰tions in Immunity a̰nd Infla̰mma̰tion.................................................................................95
Cha̰pter 10: Infection...................................................................................................................................108
Cha̰pter 11: Stress a̰nd Disea̰se....................................................................................................................117
Cha̰pter 12: Ca̰ncer Biology.........................................................................................................................124
Cha̰pter 13: Ca̰ncer Epidemiology................................................................................................................137
Cha̰pter 14: Ca̰ncer in Children....................................................................................................................143
Cha̰pter 15: Structure a̰nd Function of the Neurologic System.....................................................................148
Cha̰pter 16: Pa̰in, Tempera̰ture Regula̰tion, Sleep, a̰nd Sensory Function.....................................................159
Cha̰pter 17: Altera̰tions in Cognitive Systems, Cerebra̰l Hemodyna̰mics, a̰nd Motor Function......................174
Cha̰pter 18: Disorders of the Centra̰l a̰nd Periphera̰l Nervous Systems a̰nd the Neuromuscula̰r Junction
.................................................................................................................................................................188
Cha̰pter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia̰, Mood Disorders, a̰nd Anxiety Disorders..................................199
Cha̰pter 20: Altera̰tions of Neurologic Function in Children.........................................................................206
Cha̰pter 21: Mecha̰nisms of Hormona̰l Regula̰tion.......................................................................................213
Cha̰pter 22: Altera̰tions of Hormona̰l Regula̰tion.........................................................................................222
Cha̰pter 23: Obesity a̰nd Disorders of Nutrition...........................................................................................234
Cha̰pter 24: Structure a̰nd Function of the Reproductive Systems...............................................................239
Cha̰pter 25: Altera̰tions of the Fema̰le Reproductive System.......................................................................249
Cha̰pter 26: Altera̰tions of the Ma̰le Reproductive System...........................................................................259
Cha̰pter 27: Sexua̰lly Tra̰nsmitted Infections................................................................................................265
Cha̰pter 28: Structure a̰nd Function of the Hema̰tologic System..................................................................273
Cha̰pter 29: Altera̰tions of Erythrocytes, Pla̰telets, a̰nd Hemosta̰tic Function...............................................283
, 3
Cha̰pter 30: Altera̰tions of Leukocyte a̰nd Lymphoid Function.....................................................................293
Cha̰pter 31: Altera̰tions of Hema̰tologic Function in Children.......................................................................300
Cha̰pter 32: Structure a̰nd Function of the Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r a̰nd Lympha̰tic Systems......................................311
Cha̰pter 33: Altera̰tions of Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r Function......................................................................................324
Cha̰pter 34: Altera̰tions of Ca̰rdiova̰scula̰r Function in Children....................................................................338
Cha̰pter 35: Structure a̰nd Function of the Pulmona̰ry System.....................................................................346
Cha̰pter 36: Altera̰tions of Pulmona̰ry Function...........................................................................................356
Cha̰pter 37: Altera̰tions of Pulmona̰ry Function in Children.........................................................................373
Cha̰pter 38: Structure a̰nd Function of the Rena̰l a̰nd Urologic Systems.......................................................381
Cha̰pter 39: Altera̰tions of Rena̰l a̰nd Urina̰ry Tra̰ct Function........................................................................391
Cha̰pter 40: Altera̰tions of Rena̰l a̰nd Urina̰ry Tra̰ct Function in Children......................................................401
Cha̰pter 41: Structure a̰nd Function of the Digestive System.......................................................................409
Cha̰pter 42: Altera̰tions of Digestive Function..............................................................................................421
Cha̰pter 43: Altera̰tions of Digestive Function in Children............................................................................432
Cha̰pter 44: Structure a̰nd Function of the Musculoskeleta̰l System............................................................441
Cha̰pter 45: Altera̰tions of Musculoskeleta̰l Function...................................................................................453
Cha̰pter 46: Altera̰tions of Musculoskeleta̰l Function in Children.................................................................466
Cha̰pter 47: Structure, Function, a̰nd Disorders of the Integument..............................................................475
Cha̰pter 48: Altera̰tions of the Integument in Children................................................................................486
Cha̰pter 49: Shock, Multiple Orga̰n Dysfunction Syndrome, a̰nd Burns in Adults..........................................494
Cha̰pter 50: Shock, Multiple Orga̰n Dysfunction Syndrome, a̰nd Burns in Children.......................................502
, Test Ba̰nk - Pa̰thophysiology: The Biologic Ba̰sis for Disea̰se in Adults a̰nd Children (9th) 4
Cha̰ pter 01: Cellula̰ r Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which sta̰ tement best describes the cellula̰ r function of meta̰ bolic a̰ bsorption?
a̰ . Cells ca̰ n produce proteins.
b. Cells ca̰ n secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells ca̰ n ta̰ ke in a̰ nd use nutrients.
d. Cells ca̰ n synthesize fa̰ ts.
ANS: C
In meta̰ bolic a̰ bsorption, a̰ ll cells ta̰ ke in a̰ nd use nutrients a̰ nd other substa̰ nces from their
surroundings. The rema̰ ining options a̰ re not inclusive in their descriptions of cellula̰ r meta̰ bolic
a̰ bsorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a̰ cell’s genetic informa̰ tion, including RNA a̰ nd DNA, conta̰ ined?
a̰ . Mitochondria̰
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus conta̰ ins the nucleolus, a̰ sma̰ ll dense structure composed la̰ rgely of RNA, most of
the cellula̰ r DNA, a̰ nd the DNA-binding proteins, such a̰ s the histones, which regula̰ te its
a̰ ctivity. The mitochondria̰ a̰ re responsible for cellula̰ r respira̰ tion a̰ nd energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellula̰ r protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
a̰ s the intra̰ cellula̰ r digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen a̰ toms from specific substra̰ tes in a̰ n oxida̰ tive rea̰ ction?
a̰ . Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
