ABO FINAL SCRIPT 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What are the genotypes for the four major ABO blood groups?
Answer: A: AA, AO
B: BB, AO
AB: AB
O: OO
◉ Describe forward typing. Answer: Patient blood of an unknown type
is mixed with known sera. A positive result is agglutination. An
example: If anti-A serum causes a positive reaction, and the anti-B
serum has a negative reaction, then the cells only have the A antigen and
the blood type is type A.
◉ Describe reverse typing. Answer: Patient serum of unknown type is
mixed with known cells. Example: if A cells do not cause a reaction, and
B cells do cause a reaction, then the patient serum contains anti-B,
which means they do not have the B antigen and (going off of the
forward being A type), are confirmed to be type A.
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type A people have? Answer: Anti-B
A antigen
, ◉ What antibodies and antigens do type B people have? Answer: Anti-A
B antigen
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type AB people have? Answer: A
and B antigen
No anti-A or anti-B
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type O people have? Answer: Anti-A
and anti-B
No A or B antigen
◉ Where do the antigens come from? Answer: The cells
◉ Where do the antibodies in known serum come from? Answer:
Human or monoclonal (murine) <-- rat
◉ What is the auto control composed of? Answer: 1 drop 3% cell
suspension and 2 drops serum, both from the patient
◉ What reaction grade should forward typing have? Reverse typing?
Answer: 4+ for forward
3+/4+ for reverse.
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What are the genotypes for the four major ABO blood groups?
Answer: A: AA, AO
B: BB, AO
AB: AB
O: OO
◉ Describe forward typing. Answer: Patient blood of an unknown type
is mixed with known sera. A positive result is agglutination. An
example: If anti-A serum causes a positive reaction, and the anti-B
serum has a negative reaction, then the cells only have the A antigen and
the blood type is type A.
◉ Describe reverse typing. Answer: Patient serum of unknown type is
mixed with known cells. Example: if A cells do not cause a reaction, and
B cells do cause a reaction, then the patient serum contains anti-B,
which means they do not have the B antigen and (going off of the
forward being A type), are confirmed to be type A.
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type A people have? Answer: Anti-B
A antigen
, ◉ What antibodies and antigens do type B people have? Answer: Anti-A
B antigen
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type AB people have? Answer: A
and B antigen
No anti-A or anti-B
◉ What antibodies and antigens do type O people have? Answer: Anti-A
and anti-B
No A or B antigen
◉ Where do the antigens come from? Answer: The cells
◉ Where do the antibodies in known serum come from? Answer:
Human or monoclonal (murine) <-- rat
◉ What is the auto control composed of? Answer: 1 drop 3% cell
suspension and 2 drops serum, both from the patient
◉ What reaction grade should forward typing have? Reverse typing?
Answer: 4+ for forward
3+/4+ for reverse.
