NUR 318 - Musculoskeletal Function (Exam 4) – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified An…
NUR 318 - Musculoskeletal Function (Exam 4) –
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Science › Medicine › Physiotherapy
Section 1: Amputation, Some, Disk (Q1–Q11)
Question & Answer
Q1 What are three ways that bones can become infected?
A - extension of soft tissue infection - direct bone contamination from bone injury, open fracture, or
traumatic injury - hematogenous spread from other sites of infection
Q2 What are the clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis?
A - localized pain over the infected bones - manifestations of sepsis - fever - painful, swollen, tender
infected area
Q3 What are some ways to prevent osteomyelitis?
A - postpone surgery if the patient has an infection - prophylactic antibiotics - remove catheters and
drains as soon as possible - treat focal infections
Q4 What two factors determine the site of amputation?
A - circulation in the body part - functional usefulness
Q5 Describe a Syme amputation (modified ankle disarticulation amputation).
A - most common ankle procedure where the amputation is performed above the ankle joint, and the
skin of the heel is used for the flap - performed frequently for extensive foot trauma since it
produces a painless, durable extremity end that can withstand full weight bearing
Q6 What are some potential complications of amputation?
A - hemorrhage - infection - skin breakdown - phantom limb pain - joint contracture
Q7 How is phantom pain most often described?
A sharp and electric or burning pain of the amputated limb
Q8 Define spondylosis.
A degenerative changes occurring in a disk and adjacent vertebral bodies with bulging and,
occasionally, herniation
Q9 Where do cervical disk herniations usually occur?
A C5-C6 and C6-C7 interspaces
Q10 What are some clinical manifestations of intervertebral disk herniation?
A - pain and stiffness in the neck, top of the shoulders, and the region of the scapulae - pain in upper
extremities and head - paresthesia and numbness of upper extremities
Page 1 of 6
, NUR 318 - Musculoskeletal Function (Exam 4) – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified An…
Question & Answer
Q11 What is the goal of treatment for intervertebral disk herniation?
A to rest and immobilize the cervical spine to give the soft tissues time to heal and to reduce
inflammation in the supporting tissues and the affected nerve roots in the cervical spine
Section 2: Disk, Lumbar, Surgery (Q12–Q21)
Question & Answer
Q12 Why is bed rest important for a cervical spine injury?
A - it eliminates the stress of gravity and relieves the cervical spine of the need to support the head -
it also reduces inflammation and edema in soft tissues around the disk, relieving pressure on the
nerve roots *proper positioning on a firm mattress may bring dramatic relief from pain
Q13 What kind of surgery may be necessary if a herniated disk causes significant neurologic
deficit, progression of the deficit, evidence of cord compression, or worsening pain?
A cervical discectomy
Q14 What is the most common site of lumbar disk herniation?
A L4-L5 or L5-S1
Q15 What are some clinical manifestations of lumbar disk herniation?
A - low back pain - muscle spasms - radiation of the pain into one hip and down into the leg (sciatica) -
pain aggravated by actions that increase intraspinal fluid pressure, such as bending, lifting, or
straining - postural deformity - muscle weakness - alterations in tendon reflexes - sensory loss
Q16 How is lumbar disk disease diagnosed?
A - MRI - CT - myelography - straight leg-raising test
Q17 True or False: Bed rest for patients with severe pain in the lumbar region is limited to a
short course (2 days or less), followed by resumption of light activity.
A True. Bed rest for patients with severe pain in the lumbar region is limited to a short course (2
days or less), followed by resumption of light activity.
Q18 What is the surgical treatment for lumbar disk herniation?
A posterolateral laminotomy (lumbar disk excision), microdiscectomy, percutaneous
discectomy
Q19 What are some potential surgery complications?
A - herniation relapse - arachnoiditis (inflammation of the arachnoid) - neuritis (inflammation of the
nerve) - failed disk syndrome (generalized term to describe continued pain after surgery) - disk
excision can leave adhesions and scarring around the spinal nerves and dura, which then produce
inflammatory changes that create chronic neuritis and neurofibrosis
Q20 True or False: Post-spinal surgery, the patient should be assessed for urinary retention,
another sign of neurologic deterioration.
A True. Post-spinal surgery, the patient should be assessed for urinary retention, another sign of
neurologic deterioration.
Page 2 of 6
NUR 318 - Musculoskeletal Function (Exam 4) –
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Science › Medicine › Physiotherapy
Section 1: Amputation, Some, Disk (Q1–Q11)
Question & Answer
Q1 What are three ways that bones can become infected?
A - extension of soft tissue infection - direct bone contamination from bone injury, open fracture, or
traumatic injury - hematogenous spread from other sites of infection
Q2 What are the clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis?
A - localized pain over the infected bones - manifestations of sepsis - fever - painful, swollen, tender
infected area
Q3 What are some ways to prevent osteomyelitis?
A - postpone surgery if the patient has an infection - prophylactic antibiotics - remove catheters and
drains as soon as possible - treat focal infections
Q4 What two factors determine the site of amputation?
A - circulation in the body part - functional usefulness
Q5 Describe a Syme amputation (modified ankle disarticulation amputation).
A - most common ankle procedure where the amputation is performed above the ankle joint, and the
skin of the heel is used for the flap - performed frequently for extensive foot trauma since it
produces a painless, durable extremity end that can withstand full weight bearing
Q6 What are some potential complications of amputation?
A - hemorrhage - infection - skin breakdown - phantom limb pain - joint contracture
Q7 How is phantom pain most often described?
A sharp and electric or burning pain of the amputated limb
Q8 Define spondylosis.
A degenerative changes occurring in a disk and adjacent vertebral bodies with bulging and,
occasionally, herniation
Q9 Where do cervical disk herniations usually occur?
A C5-C6 and C6-C7 interspaces
Q10 What are some clinical manifestations of intervertebral disk herniation?
A - pain and stiffness in the neck, top of the shoulders, and the region of the scapulae - pain in upper
extremities and head - paresthesia and numbness of upper extremities
Page 1 of 6
, NUR 318 - Musculoskeletal Function (Exam 4) – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified An…
Question & Answer
Q11 What is the goal of treatment for intervertebral disk herniation?
A to rest and immobilize the cervical spine to give the soft tissues time to heal and to reduce
inflammation in the supporting tissues and the affected nerve roots in the cervical spine
Section 2: Disk, Lumbar, Surgery (Q12–Q21)
Question & Answer
Q12 Why is bed rest important for a cervical spine injury?
A - it eliminates the stress of gravity and relieves the cervical spine of the need to support the head -
it also reduces inflammation and edema in soft tissues around the disk, relieving pressure on the
nerve roots *proper positioning on a firm mattress may bring dramatic relief from pain
Q13 What kind of surgery may be necessary if a herniated disk causes significant neurologic
deficit, progression of the deficit, evidence of cord compression, or worsening pain?
A cervical discectomy
Q14 What is the most common site of lumbar disk herniation?
A L4-L5 or L5-S1
Q15 What are some clinical manifestations of lumbar disk herniation?
A - low back pain - muscle spasms - radiation of the pain into one hip and down into the leg (sciatica) -
pain aggravated by actions that increase intraspinal fluid pressure, such as bending, lifting, or
straining - postural deformity - muscle weakness - alterations in tendon reflexes - sensory loss
Q16 How is lumbar disk disease diagnosed?
A - MRI - CT - myelography - straight leg-raising test
Q17 True or False: Bed rest for patients with severe pain in the lumbar region is limited to a
short course (2 days or less), followed by resumption of light activity.
A True. Bed rest for patients with severe pain in the lumbar region is limited to a short course (2
days or less), followed by resumption of light activity.
Q18 What is the surgical treatment for lumbar disk herniation?
A posterolateral laminotomy (lumbar disk excision), microdiscectomy, percutaneous
discectomy
Q19 What are some potential surgery complications?
A - herniation relapse - arachnoiditis (inflammation of the arachnoid) - neuritis (inflammation of the
nerve) - failed disk syndrome (generalized term to describe continued pain after surgery) - disk
excision can leave adhesions and scarring around the spinal nerves and dura, which then produce
inflammatory changes that create chronic neuritis and neurofibrosis
Q20 True or False: Post-spinal surgery, the patient should be assessed for urinary retention,
another sign of neurologic deterioration.
A True. Post-spinal surgery, the patient should be assessed for urinary retention, another sign of
neurologic deterioration.
Page 2 of 6
