Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
1. Sagittal Plane divides into left and right
2. MidSagittal Plane Divides the body into equal right and left sides
3. Frontal section Divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back)
parts
4. Medial/MidSagittal section of Divides the brain into left and right parts
the brain
5.
6. Transverse section of the Brain Divies brain into top (superior) and bottom(posterior) parts
7. Proximal (directional term) nearer to the origin of the structure
8. Distal (directional term) Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attach-
ment of a limb to the body trunk.
9. What are the 6 basic life metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentia-
processses? tion, reproduction
10. What is Catabolism Breaks down complex substances into simple ones. Digestive
processes catabolize protein in food into amino acids.
11. What is Anabolism Small simple compounds build up into more complex one.
The amino acids that were broken down from food in Catabo-
lism is now used to build new protein for muscles and bones.
12. What is Negative Feed back Reverses a change in a controlled condition. example= when
loop? blood pressure rises so the body decreases it and returns it
back to normal.
13. What is the correct order of Stimulus-controlled condition-Receptors-control center-ef-
Feedback loop? fectors-response
, Bio 235 midterm 1
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14. Positive Feedback loop Tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body;s
controlled conditions. ( example= In childbirth, the release
of oxytocin stimulates muscle contractions to help push the
baby)
15. What are the 4 major elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, Nitrogen
of the body
16. What is Ionic bond? Attraction between opposite charge ions
17. What is Covalent bond Two or more atoms share electrons.
18. What is Non-polar covalent when two atoms share electron equally
bond?
19. What is Polar covalent bond? When sharing of electrons is unequal, and one has greater
electronegativity. exple=H20 molecule is an example of polar
covalent bond.
20. what is hydrogen bond? Attraction between a positive hydrogen atom and a negative
atom.
21. what molecules have high sur- Yes, Water molecules have a high surface tenstion.
face tenstion? (water)
22. What is Catalyst? Speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation
energy.
23. What are the main functions of -contains a glycerol backbone
phospholipids? -head is polar
-tail is no polar
-part of the cell membrane.
, Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
24. The function of RNA? to convert info in DNA for protein synthesis
25. what is concentration gradi- is the difference in concentration of a chemical between one
ent? side of the plasma membrane and the other.
26. What is the electrical gradient? a difference in electrical charge across a space or a mem-
brane. It occurs when positive and negative ions are not
spread evenly, making one area more positive and another
more negative
27. What is the electrochemical It occurs when positive and negative ions are not spread
gradient? evenly, making one area more positive and another more
negative.
a difference in electrical charge across a space or a mem-
brane.
28. Equilibrium? when a substance moves down its concentration gradient
where it is less concentrated. (ex. Na+ going into the ecf
creates a more concentrated Na+ gradient)
29. What is the most abundant in- Water
organic compound in all living
systems?
30. What is the most important polarity
property of water?
31. What is the Universal solvent? Water
32. why is water the univseral sol- It is the universal solvent- many substances dissolve well in
vent? water because their polar molecules bond with other polar
molecules.
33. Hydrophilic
, Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
means water LOVING
means it dissolves in water
34. Hydrophobic means water fearing (HATING)
means not water soluble
35. Phospholipid Bilayer, Head is polar= hydrophilic
what is the head? Tail is non-polar= hydrophobic
what is the tail?
36. Water serves as ? a medium, and participates as a reactant or product.
37. Hydrolysis, what happens? Break down of large nutrient molecules into smaller mole-
cules by adding water molecules.
38. dehydration synthesis When two small molecules join to form a larger molecule and
water is removed.
39. Does water have a high heat Yes, it can absorb or release a large amount of heat with small
capacity? change in its own temperature.
40. water has a high heat of Vapo- It requires large amount of heat to change from liquid to gas
riation?
41. what as a lubricant? is major component of mucus and other lubricating fluids
throughout the body.
42. Enzymes are? catalysts
43. what are the 3 properties of highly specific, very efficient, variety of cellular controls.
enzymes?
44. Enzyme-substrate complex?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
1. Sagittal Plane divides into left and right
2. MidSagittal Plane Divides the body into equal right and left sides
3. Frontal section Divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back)
parts
4. Medial/MidSagittal section of Divides the brain into left and right parts
the brain
5.
6. Transverse section of the Brain Divies brain into top (superior) and bottom(posterior) parts
7. Proximal (directional term) nearer to the origin of the structure
8. Distal (directional term) Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attach-
ment of a limb to the body trunk.
9. What are the 6 basic life metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentia-
processses? tion, reproduction
10. What is Catabolism Breaks down complex substances into simple ones. Digestive
processes catabolize protein in food into amino acids.
11. What is Anabolism Small simple compounds build up into more complex one.
The amino acids that were broken down from food in Catabo-
lism is now used to build new protein for muscles and bones.
12. What is Negative Feed back Reverses a change in a controlled condition. example= when
loop? blood pressure rises so the body decreases it and returns it
back to normal.
13. What is the correct order of Stimulus-controlled condition-Receptors-control center-ef-
Feedback loop? fectors-response
, Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
14. Positive Feedback loop Tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body;s
controlled conditions. ( example= In childbirth, the release
of oxytocin stimulates muscle contractions to help push the
baby)
15. What are the 4 major elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, Nitrogen
of the body
16. What is Ionic bond? Attraction between opposite charge ions
17. What is Covalent bond Two or more atoms share electrons.
18. What is Non-polar covalent when two atoms share electron equally
bond?
19. What is Polar covalent bond? When sharing of electrons is unequal, and one has greater
electronegativity. exple=H20 molecule is an example of polar
covalent bond.
20. what is hydrogen bond? Attraction between a positive hydrogen atom and a negative
atom.
21. what molecules have high sur- Yes, Water molecules have a high surface tenstion.
face tenstion? (water)
22. What is Catalyst? Speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation
energy.
23. What are the main functions of -contains a glycerol backbone
phospholipids? -head is polar
-tail is no polar
-part of the cell membrane.
, Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
24. The function of RNA? to convert info in DNA for protein synthesis
25. what is concentration gradi- is the difference in concentration of a chemical between one
ent? side of the plasma membrane and the other.
26. What is the electrical gradient? a difference in electrical charge across a space or a mem-
brane. It occurs when positive and negative ions are not
spread evenly, making one area more positive and another
more negative
27. What is the electrochemical It occurs when positive and negative ions are not spread
gradient? evenly, making one area more positive and another more
negative.
a difference in electrical charge across a space or a mem-
brane.
28. Equilibrium? when a substance moves down its concentration gradient
where it is less concentrated. (ex. Na+ going into the ecf
creates a more concentrated Na+ gradient)
29. What is the most abundant in- Water
organic compound in all living
systems?
30. What is the most important polarity
property of water?
31. What is the Universal solvent? Water
32. why is water the univseral sol- It is the universal solvent- many substances dissolve well in
vent? water because their polar molecules bond with other polar
molecules.
33. Hydrophilic
, Bio 235 midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_k08sha
means water LOVING
means it dissolves in water
34. Hydrophobic means water fearing (HATING)
means not water soluble
35. Phospholipid Bilayer, Head is polar= hydrophilic
what is the head? Tail is non-polar= hydrophobic
what is the tail?
36. Water serves as ? a medium, and participates as a reactant or product.
37. Hydrolysis, what happens? Break down of large nutrient molecules into smaller mole-
cules by adding water molecules.
38. dehydration synthesis When two small molecules join to form a larger molecule and
water is removed.
39. Does water have a high heat Yes, it can absorb or release a large amount of heat with small
capacity? change in its own temperature.
40. water has a high heat of Vapo- It requires large amount of heat to change from liquid to gas
riation?
41. what as a lubricant? is major component of mucus and other lubricating fluids
throughout the body.
42. Enzymes are? catalysts
43. what are the 3 properties of highly specific, very efficient, variety of cellular controls.
enzymes?
44. Enzyme-substrate complex?
