BIO 1500 EXAM 2 REVIEW 2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Flowers allow plants to secure the benefits of wide outcrossing in promoting genetic diversity.
b. The evolution of vascular tissue increased the height and size of tracheophytes.
c. The haploid stages of a haplodiplontic life cycle are more likely to be phenotypically affected by
mutation than the diploid stages.
d. The sporophyte has been reduced in size relative to the gametophyte during the evolution of land
plants.
e. Waxy cuticles protect land plants from desiccation. - Correct answer✅✅ d. The sporophyte has
been reduced in size relative to the gametophyte during the evolution of land plants.
1. Which of the following adaptations of land plants are in the correct evolutionary order (earliest to
latest)?
a. Flowers, stomata, seed, leaves
b. Leaves, stomata, flowers, seeds
c. Seeds, flowers, stomata, leaves
d. Stomata, leaves, seeds, flowers
e. Stomata, seeds, leaves, flowers - Correct answer✅✅ d. Stomata, leaves, seeds, flowers
1. A waxy cuticle prevents desiccation. What is the cost of this adaptation?
a. Increased exposure to damaging UV radiation
b. Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection
c. Lowered light absorption
d. Reduced gas permeability
e. Slower H2O transport - Correct answer✅✅ d. Reduced gas permeability
1. Plants show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n):
,a. egg and a sperm.
b. megaspore and a microspore.
c. seed and a cone.
d. spore and pollen.
e. sporophyte and a gametophyte. - Correct answer✅✅ e. sporophyte and a gametophyte.
1. Angiosperm ovules develop into fruit.
a. True
b. False - Correct answer✅✅ b. False
1. Why are conifers and cycads considered gymnosperms?
a. They have true vascular tissue but do not form seeds.
b. The female gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.
c. The fruit is not fleshy.
d. The pollen is wind-dispersed.
e. Pollination and fertilization occur at different times. - Correct answer✅✅ b. The female
gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.
1. In a general plant life cycle, the multicellular diploid stage is the __________.
a. gamete
b. gametophyte
c. gigantosaurus
d. spore
e. sporophyte - Correct answer✅✅ e. sporophyte
1. What is the function of pine resins?
a. transportation of sucrose to the roots
b. reduction of fungal and insect parasitism
c. triggering of seed maturation
, d. aiding in pollen dispersal - Correct answer✅✅ b. reduction of fungal and insect parasitism
1. During the first spring of the pine reproductive cycle, some wind-blown pollen grains drift down
between the open scales of the female cone and get stuck in sticky fluid oozing from the micropyle.
a. True
b. False - Correct answer✅✅ a. True
1. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require:
a. air to reproduce sexually.
b. shade to reproduce sexually.
c. soil to reproduce sexually.
d. sunlight to reproduce sexually.
e. water to reproduce sexually. - Correct answer✅✅ e. water to reproduce sexually.
1. Which of the following is true of the pine reproductive cycle?
a. Female cones are smaller than male cones.
b. The lone surviving haploid microspore undergoes many rounds of mitosis to form thousands of cells,
including multiple eggs.
c. The pollen tube takes a year or more to reach the megagametophyte ovary.
d. Each scale in a male cone contains a pair of microsporangia.
Two of the above are true. - Correct answer✅✅ d. Each scale in a male cone contains a pair of
microsporangia.
1. Which one of the following traits could be found in both a moss and fern gametophyte?
a. sporangia
b. stomata
c. antheridia
d. sori
e. Two of the above could be found in both moss and fern gametophytes. - Correct answer✅✅ c.
antheridia
QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Flowers allow plants to secure the benefits of wide outcrossing in promoting genetic diversity.
b. The evolution of vascular tissue increased the height and size of tracheophytes.
c. The haploid stages of a haplodiplontic life cycle are more likely to be phenotypically affected by
mutation than the diploid stages.
d. The sporophyte has been reduced in size relative to the gametophyte during the evolution of land
plants.
e. Waxy cuticles protect land plants from desiccation. - Correct answer✅✅ d. The sporophyte has
been reduced in size relative to the gametophyte during the evolution of land plants.
1. Which of the following adaptations of land plants are in the correct evolutionary order (earliest to
latest)?
a. Flowers, stomata, seed, leaves
b. Leaves, stomata, flowers, seeds
c. Seeds, flowers, stomata, leaves
d. Stomata, leaves, seeds, flowers
e. Stomata, seeds, leaves, flowers - Correct answer✅✅ d. Stomata, leaves, seeds, flowers
1. A waxy cuticle prevents desiccation. What is the cost of this adaptation?
a. Increased exposure to damaging UV radiation
b. Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection
c. Lowered light absorption
d. Reduced gas permeability
e. Slower H2O transport - Correct answer✅✅ d. Reduced gas permeability
1. Plants show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n):
,a. egg and a sperm.
b. megaspore and a microspore.
c. seed and a cone.
d. spore and pollen.
e. sporophyte and a gametophyte. - Correct answer✅✅ e. sporophyte and a gametophyte.
1. Angiosperm ovules develop into fruit.
a. True
b. False - Correct answer✅✅ b. False
1. Why are conifers and cycads considered gymnosperms?
a. They have true vascular tissue but do not form seeds.
b. The female gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.
c. The fruit is not fleshy.
d. The pollen is wind-dispersed.
e. Pollination and fertilization occur at different times. - Correct answer✅✅ b. The female
gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination.
1. In a general plant life cycle, the multicellular diploid stage is the __________.
a. gamete
b. gametophyte
c. gigantosaurus
d. spore
e. sporophyte - Correct answer✅✅ e. sporophyte
1. What is the function of pine resins?
a. transportation of sucrose to the roots
b. reduction of fungal and insect parasitism
c. triggering of seed maturation
, d. aiding in pollen dispersal - Correct answer✅✅ b. reduction of fungal and insect parasitism
1. During the first spring of the pine reproductive cycle, some wind-blown pollen grains drift down
between the open scales of the female cone and get stuck in sticky fluid oozing from the micropyle.
a. True
b. False - Correct answer✅✅ a. True
1. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants, require:
a. air to reproduce sexually.
b. shade to reproduce sexually.
c. soil to reproduce sexually.
d. sunlight to reproduce sexually.
e. water to reproduce sexually. - Correct answer✅✅ e. water to reproduce sexually.
1. Which of the following is true of the pine reproductive cycle?
a. Female cones are smaller than male cones.
b. The lone surviving haploid microspore undergoes many rounds of mitosis to form thousands of cells,
including multiple eggs.
c. The pollen tube takes a year or more to reach the megagametophyte ovary.
d. Each scale in a male cone contains a pair of microsporangia.
Two of the above are true. - Correct answer✅✅ d. Each scale in a male cone contains a pair of
microsporangia.
1. Which one of the following traits could be found in both a moss and fern gametophyte?
a. sporangia
b. stomata
c. antheridia
d. sori
e. Two of the above could be found in both moss and fern gametophytes. - Correct answer✅✅ c.
antheridia
