MARYVILLE PATHO EXAM 1
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Programmed cell death
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid loss of plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Degeneration of cells
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling of cells
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Replacement of cells, may not be functional
Loss of ATP effect on cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium-potassium pump failure.
Intracellular sodium, extracellular potassium leads to edema
Effect of oxygen depletion - CORRECT ANSWER-Anaerobic metabolism
(glycolysis)
Free radical - CORRECT ANSWER-electrically charged atom/atoms with
unpaired electron--unstable. Steals molecules to stabilize.
Lysosome leakage from cell injury - CORRECT ANSWER-Digestion of cellular
organelles, halts DNA/RNA
, Ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolized to acetaldehyde--liver dysfunction
over time
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Detoxify ethanol, creates hydrogen peroxide
Most vulnerable to radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
Effects of aging - CORRECT ANSWER-Muscular atrophy (sarcopenia),
stiffness/rigidity of systems
Stiffness/rigidity of systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Peripheral vascular resistance
increase, decreased HCL and stomach emptying, decreased immune response,
decreased total body potassium, increased extracellular compartment
Dehydration s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-tachycardia, weak pulses, dizziness,
postural hypotension
Thirst response - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmoreceptors activated by increased
osmotic pressure in plasma.
At risk of FVD - CORRECT ANSWER-Infants (75-80% tbw), obese, elderly
capillary hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-higher than capillary oncotic
pressure, fluid moves from intravascular space to interstitial space (tissue
perfusion)
Oncotic pressure influenced by - CORRECT ANSWER-Plasma proteins-albumin
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Programmed cell death
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Rapid loss of plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Degeneration of cells
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling of cells
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Replacement of cells, may not be functional
Loss of ATP effect on cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium-potassium pump failure.
Intracellular sodium, extracellular potassium leads to edema
Effect of oxygen depletion - CORRECT ANSWER-Anaerobic metabolism
(glycolysis)
Free radical - CORRECT ANSWER-electrically charged atom/atoms with
unpaired electron--unstable. Steals molecules to stabilize.
Lysosome leakage from cell injury - CORRECT ANSWER-Digestion of cellular
organelles, halts DNA/RNA
, Ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolized to acetaldehyde--liver dysfunction
over time
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Detoxify ethanol, creates hydrogen peroxide
Most vulnerable to radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
Effects of aging - CORRECT ANSWER-Muscular atrophy (sarcopenia),
stiffness/rigidity of systems
Stiffness/rigidity of systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Peripheral vascular resistance
increase, decreased HCL and stomach emptying, decreased immune response,
decreased total body potassium, increased extracellular compartment
Dehydration s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-tachycardia, weak pulses, dizziness,
postural hypotension
Thirst response - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmoreceptors activated by increased
osmotic pressure in plasma.
At risk of FVD - CORRECT ANSWER-Infants (75-80% tbw), obese, elderly
capillary hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-higher than capillary oncotic
pressure, fluid moves from intravascular space to interstitial space (tissue
perfusion)
Oncotic pressure influenced by - CORRECT ANSWER-Plasma proteins-albumin
