Biostatistics for the Biological and Health Sciences Triola 2018 Guaranteed Pass
Biostatistics for Biological and Health Sciences Triola 2026 Study Guide | Premium Study Solutions Data - answer - Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected. pg. 4 Statistics - answer - A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. pg. 4 Population - answer - the complete collection of all elements (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied. pg. 4 Census - answer - The collection of data from every member of the population. pg. 4 Sample - answer - A subcollection of members selected from part of a population. pg. 4 Parameter - answer - A measurement describing some characteristic of a population. pg. 5 Statistic - answer - A measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. pg. 5 Quantitative data - answer - Data that consists of numbers representing counts or measurements. (i.e. weight) pg. 5 Qualitative data - answer - Data that can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some non-numeric characteristic. (i.e. sex, color) pg. 5 Discrete data - answer - Data that result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a "countable" number. pg. 6 Continuous (numerical) data - answer - Data that result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps. (i.e. decimal number 2.42115) pg. 6 Nominal level of measurement - answer - Characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high, yes/no, colors). pg. 6 Ordinal level of measurement - answer - Data that can be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless. (i.e. course grades A-F, ranks) pg. 7 Interval level of measurement - answer - Similar to ordinal level but with the additional property that the difference between any two data vales is meaningful. Data, however, does not have a natural zero as a starting point. (i.e. temperatures, time periods of years) pg. 8 Ratio level of measurement - answer - Interval level with the additional property that there is a natural zero starting point. For these values, differences and ratios are both meaningful. (i.e. weights, ages) pg. 8 Voluntary response sample - answer - A self-selected sample in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included. Those with strong interests or opinions are more likely to participate, should not be used for general statements about a population pg. 10, 11 Observational study - answer - Observe and measure specific characteristics, but no modification of subjects is attempted. pg. 11 Experiment - answer - Some treatment is applied then the effects on the subjects is observed. pg. 11 Clinical trial - answer - Experiment with a treatment and control group. pg. 11 Treatment group - answer - Subjects are given a special treatment. pg. 11 Control group - answer - Subjects are not given a special treatment or given a placebo. pg. 11 Cross-sectional study - answer - Data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time. pg .11 Retrospective (case-control) study - answer - Data are collected from the pat by going back in time (through examination of records, interviews, and so on.) pg. 11 Prospective (longitudinal or cohort) study - answer - Data are collected in the future from groups sharing common factors (called cohorts). pg. 11 What are the key elements in the design of an experiment? - answer - Key elements: 1. Control effects of variables 2. Replication, and 3. Randomization. pg .12 What are ways to control the effects of variables? - answer - Blinding such as placebos, blocks such as different groups,
Información del documento
- Subido en
- 15 de octubre de 2026
- Número de páginas
- 11
- Escrito en
- 2026/2027
- Tipo
- Examen
- Contiene
- Preguntas y respuestas
