Biological Psychology James Kalat Complete Latest UPDATE 100 CORRECT ANSWERS

Biological Psychology James Kalat Complete Study Guide | Exam Solutions A+ Quality Biological Psychology - answer - Is the study of the psychological, evolutionally, developmental mechanism of behaviors and experience; Seeks biological explanations of behaviors Neurons - answer - cells that receive information and transmit it to other cells; The human brain contains approximately 100 billion individual neurons; 16 billions in Cerebral cortex, 69 billions in Cerebellum, Less than 1 billion in the rest of the brain, and 1 billion in spinal cord - their shape is distinctive compared to other Santiago Ramón y Cajal () - answer - In the late 1800s, HE was the first to demonstrate that the individual cells comprising the nervous system remained separate- they did not merge into each other Membrane(plasma membrane) - answer - structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment; selectively permeable Nucleus - answer - structure that contains the chromosomes; Cell brain Mitochondrion - answer - structure that performs metabolic activities; takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. - have its own genes Ribosomes - answer - sites for cell synthesization of new protein molecules Ritalin Endoplasmic reticulum - answer - network of membranous thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations; functions as a manufacturing and packaging system Motor neuron - answer - neuron that receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to a muscle; Has its soma in the spinal cord Sensory neuron - answer - neuron that is highly sensitive to a specific type of stimulation Soma (cell body) - answer - structure containing the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria; Responsible for the metabolic work of the neuron; Covered with synapses on its surface in many neurons Dendrites - answer - Branching fibers with a surface lined with synaptic receptors responsible for bringing information into the neuron; Some also contain dendritic spines that further branch out and increase the surface area of the dendrite; The greater the surface area of the dendrite, the more information it can receive Dendritic spines - answer - short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses; includes of shaft and spine Axon - answer - thin fiber of constant diameter; the neuron's information sender; The axon conveys an impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle; Axons can be more than a meter in length; Presynaptic terminals at the end points of an axon release chemicals to communicate with other neurons; maybe have a myelin sheath Myelin sheath - answer - insulating material that covers vertebrate axon; contains interruptions in the sheath known as nodes of Ranvier Nodes of Ranvier - answer - interruptions in the myelin sheath of vertebrate axons; At each node of Ranvier, the action potential is regenerated by a chain of positively charged ions pushed along by the previous segment. Multiple sclerosis - answer - disease in which the myelin sheath is destroyed; Associated with poor muscle coordination and sometimes visual impairments. Presynaptic terminal - answer - (end bulb or bouton) point where an axon releases chemicals Afferent axon - answer - axon that brings information into a structure Efferent axon - answer - neuron that carries information away from a structure Interneuron (intrinsic neuron) - answer - neuron whose axons and dendrites are all confined within a given structure Variations among neurons - answer - Neurons vary in size, shape, and function; The shape of a neuron determines it connection with other neurons and its contribution to the nervous system; The function is closely related to the shape of a neuron - Example: Purkinje cells of the cerebellum branch extremely widely within a single plane; Bipolar neurons in the retina have only short branches, and some receive input from as few as two other cells.