EXAM 5 FINAL PAPER WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
⩥ Which of the following is the most significant and commonly found
infection causing agent in health care institutions? Answer: Bacteria
⩥ Possible Reservoirs for Microorganisms. Answer: Other people
Animals
Soil
Food, water, milk
Inanimate objects
⩥ common portals of exit. Answer: Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Genitourinary tracts
Breaks in skin
Blood and tissue
⩥ Which infection or disease may be spread by touching a contaminated
inanimate article?. Answer: Influenza
,⩥ incubation period. Answer: organisms growing and multiplying
⩥ prodromal stage. Answer: person is most infectious, vague and
nonspecific signs of disease
⩥ Full stage of illness of infection. Answer: presence of specific signs
and symptoms of disease
⩥ During which stage of infection is the patient most contagious?.
Answer: Prodromal Stage
⩥ Factors Affecting Host Susceptibility. Answer: Intact skin and mucous
membranes
Normal pH levels
Body's white blood cells
Age, sex, race, hereditary factors
Immunization, natural or acquired
Fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
Stress
Use of invasive or indwelling medical devices
⩥ Cardinal signs of inflammation. Answer: redness, swelling, heat, pain,
loss of function
,⩥ Laboratory Data Indicating Infection. Answer: Elevated white blood
cell count—normal is 5,000 to 10,000/mm3
Increase in specific types of white blood cells
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining cultures
⩥ Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. Answer: Moment 1 - Before
touching a patient
Moment 2 - Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3 - After a body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4 - After touching a patient
Moment 5 - After touching patient surroundings
⩥ bacteria flora. Answer: Transient—attached loosely on skin, removed
with relative ease
Resident—found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to
remove
⩥ Four Categories Responsible For Majority Hospital Acquired
Infections (HAIs). Answer: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
(CAUTI)
Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Central-line associated bloodstream Infection
, Ventilator-associated pneumonia
⩥ Risk Factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Answer:
Compromised immune systems
Recent surgery
⩥ CDC Recommendations to Prevent C. difficile infection (CDI).
Answer: avoiding the use of electric equipment that is difficult to clean
or electric thermometers
Disinfecting Disinfecting dedicated patient care items and
equipment(stethoscope) between patients
Using- Using full-barrier contact precautions(gowns and gloves)
placing- placing patients in private rooms; cohort patients with the same
strain of CDI
performing- performing meticulous hand hygiene- soap and water
performing- performing environmental contamination of rooms
educating- educating health care providers( and patients/families as
appropriate) on clinical presentation, transmission, and epidemology of
CDI
using- using antimicrobials at an appropriate dose and only when
indicated.
⩥ Body's defense against infection. Answer: Body's normal flora
Inflammatory response
ACCURATE ANSWERS
⩥ Which of the following is the most significant and commonly found
infection causing agent in health care institutions? Answer: Bacteria
⩥ Possible Reservoirs for Microorganisms. Answer: Other people
Animals
Soil
Food, water, milk
Inanimate objects
⩥ common portals of exit. Answer: Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Genitourinary tracts
Breaks in skin
Blood and tissue
⩥ Which infection or disease may be spread by touching a contaminated
inanimate article?. Answer: Influenza
,⩥ incubation period. Answer: organisms growing and multiplying
⩥ prodromal stage. Answer: person is most infectious, vague and
nonspecific signs of disease
⩥ Full stage of illness of infection. Answer: presence of specific signs
and symptoms of disease
⩥ During which stage of infection is the patient most contagious?.
Answer: Prodromal Stage
⩥ Factors Affecting Host Susceptibility. Answer: Intact skin and mucous
membranes
Normal pH levels
Body's white blood cells
Age, sex, race, hereditary factors
Immunization, natural or acquired
Fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
Stress
Use of invasive or indwelling medical devices
⩥ Cardinal signs of inflammation. Answer: redness, swelling, heat, pain,
loss of function
,⩥ Laboratory Data Indicating Infection. Answer: Elevated white blood
cell count—normal is 5,000 to 10,000/mm3
Increase in specific types of white blood cells
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining cultures
⩥ Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. Answer: Moment 1 - Before
touching a patient
Moment 2 - Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3 - After a body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4 - After touching a patient
Moment 5 - After touching patient surroundings
⩥ bacteria flora. Answer: Transient—attached loosely on skin, removed
with relative ease
Resident—found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to
remove
⩥ Four Categories Responsible For Majority Hospital Acquired
Infections (HAIs). Answer: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
(CAUTI)
Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Central-line associated bloodstream Infection
, Ventilator-associated pneumonia
⩥ Risk Factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Answer:
Compromised immune systems
Recent surgery
⩥ CDC Recommendations to Prevent C. difficile infection (CDI).
Answer: avoiding the use of electric equipment that is difficult to clean
or electric thermometers
Disinfecting Disinfecting dedicated patient care items and
equipment(stethoscope) between patients
Using- Using full-barrier contact precautions(gowns and gloves)
placing- placing patients in private rooms; cohort patients with the same
strain of CDI
performing- performing meticulous hand hygiene- soap and water
performing- performing environmental contamination of rooms
educating- educating health care providers( and patients/families as
appropriate) on clinical presentation, transmission, and epidemology of
CDI
using- using antimicrobials at an appropriate dose and only when
indicated.
⩥ Body's defense against infection. Answer: Body's normal flora
Inflammatory response
