NR 545 Exam 1: 100% Expert Verified Study Guide Real
Testing 2026|2027 Questions Detailed Answers and
Instructor Note For A+ Guaranteed Pass
Rhinitis - Answers -an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that is usually accompanied by edema
and a profuse nasal discharge. Whether allergic or viral in nature, the rhinorrhea will be watery,
speech will sound nasal and there will be noted mouth breathing due to nasal edema. Bacterial
rhinitis is discussed within sinusitis, which is commonly referred to as rhinosinusitis.
Allergic Rhinitis - Answers -IgE mediated diseases in response to triggers. Common triggers can
be seasonal such as grass, pollens, and mold. Persistent allergic triggers include dust mites and
animal dander
Subjective: pruritis of nasal passages, conjunctiva, and roof of mouth, sneezing coughing, sore
throat, seasonal presentation, usually pollen related
Objective: nasal turbinates edematous
OTC: Antihistamines - PO or Nasal spray
Diphenhydramine, loratidine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
Anticholinergic nasal spray: Ipratropium bromide
Nasal saline flush post exposure
Allergic exposure avoidance
Viral Rhinitis - Answers -Most commonly caused by the adenovirus
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, Subjective: Headache, occasional fever, sneezing, coughing, sore throat
Objective: nasal turbinates edematous, tonsillar edema; Laryngopharynx: erythema
OTC: Treat symptoms:
Fever and headache: acetaminophen or ibuprofen
3-4 days nasal decongestant for rhinorrhea.
Sinusitis - Answers -Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the membranes of one or more
of the paranasal sinuses. We will focus on acute sinusitis, which is the abrupt onset of pain.
Sinusitis is a result of any condition that alters the normal sinus cleansing mechanisms.
Common causes include tobacco smoke allergies and anatomy of the sinuses.
Viral: 98% of cases are viral, usually caused by the common cold. Common agents include
human rhinovirus and adenovirus
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: occurs with URI symptoms persisting > 7 days.
Common complaints (subjective findings): Reports of a gradual onset, recurrent or chronic dull,
constant pain over the affected sinuses. Can report retro orbital pain or tooth pain. Pain
described as throbbing and worsens with coughing or sudden head movements, especially
bending forward. Complaints can include nasal congestion, mucopurulent rhinorrhea, cough,
pharyngitis and fatigue. May report cough due to pharyngeal drainage.
Physical exam (objective findings): Tenderness elicited over affected sinus Highly erythematous
nasal mucosa Purulent nasal secretions is noted on exam. Differentiating features include: Viral
sinusitis: afebrile, length of symptoms < 7 days, symptoms are consistent or improving Acute
bacterial sinusitis symptoms are more severe and include fever >102, symptom length >10 days
or reports of worsening symptoms after 3-4 days such as new onset fever after initial symptom
improvement
Viral sinusitis: treatment is OTC symptom relief Fever and headache: acetaminophen or
ibuprofen Rhinorrhea: 3-4 days nasal decongestant
Acute bacterial sinusitis is treated for 10-14 days First line: Amoxicillin-clavulanate Second
line/penicillin allergy: Doxycycline
2|Page
Testing 2026|2027 Questions Detailed Answers and
Instructor Note For A+ Guaranteed Pass
Rhinitis - Answers -an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that is usually accompanied by edema
and a profuse nasal discharge. Whether allergic or viral in nature, the rhinorrhea will be watery,
speech will sound nasal and there will be noted mouth breathing due to nasal edema. Bacterial
rhinitis is discussed within sinusitis, which is commonly referred to as rhinosinusitis.
Allergic Rhinitis - Answers -IgE mediated diseases in response to triggers. Common triggers can
be seasonal such as grass, pollens, and mold. Persistent allergic triggers include dust mites and
animal dander
Subjective: pruritis of nasal passages, conjunctiva, and roof of mouth, sneezing coughing, sore
throat, seasonal presentation, usually pollen related
Objective: nasal turbinates edematous
OTC: Antihistamines - PO or Nasal spray
Diphenhydramine, loratidine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
Anticholinergic nasal spray: Ipratropium bromide
Nasal saline flush post exposure
Allergic exposure avoidance
Viral Rhinitis - Answers -Most commonly caused by the adenovirus
1|Page
, Subjective: Headache, occasional fever, sneezing, coughing, sore throat
Objective: nasal turbinates edematous, tonsillar edema; Laryngopharynx: erythema
OTC: Treat symptoms:
Fever and headache: acetaminophen or ibuprofen
3-4 days nasal decongestant for rhinorrhea.
Sinusitis - Answers -Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the membranes of one or more
of the paranasal sinuses. We will focus on acute sinusitis, which is the abrupt onset of pain.
Sinusitis is a result of any condition that alters the normal sinus cleansing mechanisms.
Common causes include tobacco smoke allergies and anatomy of the sinuses.
Viral: 98% of cases are viral, usually caused by the common cold. Common agents include
human rhinovirus and adenovirus
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: occurs with URI symptoms persisting > 7 days.
Common complaints (subjective findings): Reports of a gradual onset, recurrent or chronic dull,
constant pain over the affected sinuses. Can report retro orbital pain or tooth pain. Pain
described as throbbing and worsens with coughing or sudden head movements, especially
bending forward. Complaints can include nasal congestion, mucopurulent rhinorrhea, cough,
pharyngitis and fatigue. May report cough due to pharyngeal drainage.
Physical exam (objective findings): Tenderness elicited over affected sinus Highly erythematous
nasal mucosa Purulent nasal secretions is noted on exam. Differentiating features include: Viral
sinusitis: afebrile, length of symptoms < 7 days, symptoms are consistent or improving Acute
bacterial sinusitis symptoms are more severe and include fever >102, symptom length >10 days
or reports of worsening symptoms after 3-4 days such as new onset fever after initial symptom
improvement
Viral sinusitis: treatment is OTC symptom relief Fever and headache: acetaminophen or
ibuprofen Rhinorrhea: 3-4 days nasal decongestant
Acute bacterial sinusitis is treated for 10-14 days First line: Amoxicillin-clavulanate Second
line/penicillin allergy: Doxycycline
2|Page
