NURS 6501 Advanced
Pathophysiology Week 2 Exam
Study Guide 2026/2027 Accurate
Questions with Correct Detailed
Solutions || 100% Guaranteed Pass
Newest Version
Description: Comprehensive MCQ revision set covering cellular adaptations, injury,
death, inflammation, immunity, infection, and genetics.
Keywords: NURS 6501, advanced pathophysiology, cellular adaptation, necrosis,
apoptosis, inflammation, immunity, infection, genetics, MCQ, revision
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell number?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia ✅
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
,3. Which cellular adaptation is a reversible change from one mature cell type to
another?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia ✅
C. Anaplasia
D. Neoplasia
4. Which term describes disordered, non-neoplastic cell growth?
A. Dysplasia ✅
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
5. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by a decrease in cell size?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
6. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?
A. Uterine enlargement in pregnancy ✅
B. Atrophy of disuse
C. Cervical metaplasia
D. Bronchial dysplasia
7. Which of the following is an example of pathologic hyperplasia?
A. Breast enlargement during puberty
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia ✅
C. Muscle hypertrophy in athletes
D. Thymus atrophy with age
8. Which cellular change is most associated with chronic irritation and increased
cancer risk?
,A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia ✅
D. Apoptosis
9. What is the primary mechanism of atrophy?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation ✅
C. Increased DNA replication
D. Increased cell division
10. Metaplasia in the bronchus of a smoker is best described as:
A. Reversible replacement of columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium ✅
B. Irreversible malignant transformation
C. Increase in cell size
D. Decrease in cell number
11. Which cellular adaptation is most likely in a weightlifter’s skeletal muscle?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypertrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
12. Which cellular adaptation is most likely in the endometrium during the
menstrual cycle?
A. Atrophy
B. Physiologic hyperplasia ✅
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
13. Which of the following is NOT a reversible cellular adaptation?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
, C. Necrosis ✅
D. Atrophy
14. Which term describes failure of cells to differentiate?
A. Anaplasia ✅
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
15. Which cellular change is a hallmark of malignancy?
A. Atrophy
B. Anaplasia ✅
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
16. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A. Programmed cell death ✅
B. Accidental cell death
C. Reversible cell injury
D. Cell swelling
17. Which feature distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?
A. Inflammation is prominent in apoptosis
B. Apoptosis is energy-dependent and non-inflammatory ✅
C. Necrosis is programmed
D. Apoptosis causes cell lysis
18. Which type of necrosis is most common in ischemic injury of the heart?
A. Coagulative necrosis ✅
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Pathophysiology Week 2 Exam
Study Guide 2026/2027 Accurate
Questions with Correct Detailed
Solutions || 100% Guaranteed Pass
Newest Version
Description: Comprehensive MCQ revision set covering cellular adaptations, injury,
death, inflammation, immunity, infection, and genetics.
Keywords: NURS 6501, advanced pathophysiology, cellular adaptation, necrosis,
apoptosis, inflammation, immunity, infection, genetics, MCQ, revision
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell number?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia ✅
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
,3. Which cellular adaptation is a reversible change from one mature cell type to
another?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia ✅
C. Anaplasia
D. Neoplasia
4. Which term describes disordered, non-neoplastic cell growth?
A. Dysplasia ✅
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
5. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by a decrease in cell size?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
6. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?
A. Uterine enlargement in pregnancy ✅
B. Atrophy of disuse
C. Cervical metaplasia
D. Bronchial dysplasia
7. Which of the following is an example of pathologic hyperplasia?
A. Breast enlargement during puberty
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia ✅
C. Muscle hypertrophy in athletes
D. Thymus atrophy with age
8. Which cellular change is most associated with chronic irritation and increased
cancer risk?
,A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia ✅
D. Apoptosis
9. What is the primary mechanism of atrophy?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation ✅
C. Increased DNA replication
D. Increased cell division
10. Metaplasia in the bronchus of a smoker is best described as:
A. Reversible replacement of columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium ✅
B. Irreversible malignant transformation
C. Increase in cell size
D. Decrease in cell number
11. Which cellular adaptation is most likely in a weightlifter’s skeletal muscle?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypertrophy ✅
D. Metaplasia
12. Which cellular adaptation is most likely in the endometrium during the
menstrual cycle?
A. Atrophy
B. Physiologic hyperplasia ✅
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
13. Which of the following is NOT a reversible cellular adaptation?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
, C. Necrosis ✅
D. Atrophy
14. Which term describes failure of cells to differentiate?
A. Anaplasia ✅
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
15. Which cellular change is a hallmark of malignancy?
A. Atrophy
B. Anaplasia ✅
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
16. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A. Programmed cell death ✅
B. Accidental cell death
C. Reversible cell injury
D. Cell swelling
17. Which feature distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?
A. Inflammation is prominent in apoptosis
B. Apoptosis is energy-dependent and non-inflammatory ✅
C. Necrosis is programmed
D. Apoptosis causes cell lysis
18. Which type of necrosis is most common in ischemic injury of the heart?
A. Coagulative necrosis ✅
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
