Pediatric Immunization: Exam 3 - Questions with Correct
Answers
100 questions
1. Preterm infants may have less maternal antibody because:
A. Most transfer occurs late in pregnancy
B. They have more antibodies
C. They are breastfed
D. They receive HBIG
Correct Answer: A. Most transfer occurs late in pregnancy
Rationale: Increased vulnerability.
2. Immunization differs from vaccination in that immunization refers to:
A. Only the injection
B. The process of becoming protected, by vaccine or otherwise
C. Only oral vaccines
D. Only adult vaccines
Correct Answer: B. The process of becoming protected, by vaccine or otherwise
Rationale: Outcome vs act.
3. Innate immunity includes:
A. Antibodies made after vaccination
B. Skin barriers, phagocytes and inflammation
C. Memory cells
D. Immune globulin
Correct Answer: B. Skin barriers, phagocytes and inflammation
Rationale: Non-specific defense.
4. Maternal antibodies can interfere with which vaccine if given too early in infancy?
A. MMR
B. Hepatitis B
C. DTaP
D. IPV
Correct Answer: A. MMR
Rationale: Reason MMR is given at 12 months or later.
5. Active immunity develops when:
A. Antibodies are transferred from another source
B. A person receives immune globulin
C. Maternal antibodies cross the placenta
D. The person's own immune system produces antibodies after infection or vaccination
Correct Answer: D. The person's own immune system produces antibodies after infection or
vaccination
Rationale: Active immunity is long-lasting.
,6. Vaccines prevent disease mainly by:
A. Killing all bacteria in the body
B. Replacing antibodies
C. Training the immune system to recognize a pathogen without causing the disease
D. Lowering fever
Correct Answer: C. Training the immune system to recognize a pathogen without causing the
disease
Rationale: Mechanism.
7. Memory B and T cells are important in vaccination because they:
A. Cause allergic reactions
B. Prevent all fevers
C. Allow a faster, stronger response on later exposure
D. Destroy vaccines
Correct Answer: C. Allow a faster, stronger response on later exposure
Rationale: Basis of long-term protection.
8. The first antibody produced in a primary immune response is usually:
A. IgG
B. IgE
C. IgD
D. IgM
Correct Answer: D. IgM
Rationale: IgG follows.
9. A subunit vaccine contains:
A. The whole live pathogen
B. Antibodies
C. Specific pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins
D. Toxins only
Correct Answer: C. Specific pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins
Rationale: Safer, may need adjuvant.
10. Pentacel contains:
A. MMR and varicella
B. HepA and HepB
C. PCV and Hib
D. DTaP, IPV and Hib
Correct Answer: D. DTaP, IPV and Hib
Rationale: Combination vaccine.
11. The diluent supplied with a lyophilized vaccine:
A. Can be any sterile water
B. Can be saline from any source
C. Must be the specific one supplied by the manufacturer
D. Is optional
Correct Answer: C. Must be the specific one supplied by the manufacturer
Rationale: Use correct diluent.
, 12. Inactivated vaccines can be given to immunocompromised children because they:
A. Are live
B. Need refrigeration
C. Contain antibodies
D. Cannot replicate or cause infection
Correct Answer: D. Cannot replicate or cause infection
Rationale: Response may be reduced.
13. Research has shown that vaccines:
A. Do not cause autism
B. Cause autism
C. Cause diabetes in all children
D. Weaken the immune system permanently
Correct Answer: A. Do not cause autism
Rationale: The 1998 Wakefield paper was retracted.
14. The polio vaccine used in the United States is:
A. Oral live polio vaccine (OPV)
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Live attenuated nasal vaccine
D. Toxoid vaccine
Correct Answer: B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Rationale: OPV no longer used in the U.S. since 2000.
15. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines used in children include:
A. PPSV23 only
B. MenACWY
C. PCV15 and PCV20
D. Hib only
Correct Answer: C. PCV15 and PCV20
Rationale: Current pediatric PCVs.
16. Influenza vaccines are updated annually because:
A. Immunity lasts forever
B. Influenza viruses change (antigenic drift)
C. The vaccine is live
D. Only adults need it
Correct Answer: B. Influenza viruses change (antigenic drift)
Rationale: Strain selection.
17. A rare, fatal late complication of measles is:
A. Orchitis
B. Congenital rubella syndrome
C. Shingles
D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Correct Answer: D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Rationale: Years after infection.
Answers
100 questions
1. Preterm infants may have less maternal antibody because:
A. Most transfer occurs late in pregnancy
B. They have more antibodies
C. They are breastfed
D. They receive HBIG
Correct Answer: A. Most transfer occurs late in pregnancy
Rationale: Increased vulnerability.
2. Immunization differs from vaccination in that immunization refers to:
A. Only the injection
B. The process of becoming protected, by vaccine or otherwise
C. Only oral vaccines
D. Only adult vaccines
Correct Answer: B. The process of becoming protected, by vaccine or otherwise
Rationale: Outcome vs act.
3. Innate immunity includes:
A. Antibodies made after vaccination
B. Skin barriers, phagocytes and inflammation
C. Memory cells
D. Immune globulin
Correct Answer: B. Skin barriers, phagocytes and inflammation
Rationale: Non-specific defense.
4. Maternal antibodies can interfere with which vaccine if given too early in infancy?
A. MMR
B. Hepatitis B
C. DTaP
D. IPV
Correct Answer: A. MMR
Rationale: Reason MMR is given at 12 months or later.
5. Active immunity develops when:
A. Antibodies are transferred from another source
B. A person receives immune globulin
C. Maternal antibodies cross the placenta
D. The person's own immune system produces antibodies after infection or vaccination
Correct Answer: D. The person's own immune system produces antibodies after infection or
vaccination
Rationale: Active immunity is long-lasting.
,6. Vaccines prevent disease mainly by:
A. Killing all bacteria in the body
B. Replacing antibodies
C. Training the immune system to recognize a pathogen without causing the disease
D. Lowering fever
Correct Answer: C. Training the immune system to recognize a pathogen without causing the
disease
Rationale: Mechanism.
7. Memory B and T cells are important in vaccination because they:
A. Cause allergic reactions
B. Prevent all fevers
C. Allow a faster, stronger response on later exposure
D. Destroy vaccines
Correct Answer: C. Allow a faster, stronger response on later exposure
Rationale: Basis of long-term protection.
8. The first antibody produced in a primary immune response is usually:
A. IgG
B. IgE
C. IgD
D. IgM
Correct Answer: D. IgM
Rationale: IgG follows.
9. A subunit vaccine contains:
A. The whole live pathogen
B. Antibodies
C. Specific pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins
D. Toxins only
Correct Answer: C. Specific pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins
Rationale: Safer, may need adjuvant.
10. Pentacel contains:
A. MMR and varicella
B. HepA and HepB
C. PCV and Hib
D. DTaP, IPV and Hib
Correct Answer: D. DTaP, IPV and Hib
Rationale: Combination vaccine.
11. The diluent supplied with a lyophilized vaccine:
A. Can be any sterile water
B. Can be saline from any source
C. Must be the specific one supplied by the manufacturer
D. Is optional
Correct Answer: C. Must be the specific one supplied by the manufacturer
Rationale: Use correct diluent.
, 12. Inactivated vaccines can be given to immunocompromised children because they:
A. Are live
B. Need refrigeration
C. Contain antibodies
D. Cannot replicate or cause infection
Correct Answer: D. Cannot replicate or cause infection
Rationale: Response may be reduced.
13. Research has shown that vaccines:
A. Do not cause autism
B. Cause autism
C. Cause diabetes in all children
D. Weaken the immune system permanently
Correct Answer: A. Do not cause autism
Rationale: The 1998 Wakefield paper was retracted.
14. The polio vaccine used in the United States is:
A. Oral live polio vaccine (OPV)
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
C. Live attenuated nasal vaccine
D. Toxoid vaccine
Correct Answer: B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Rationale: OPV no longer used in the U.S. since 2000.
15. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines used in children include:
A. PPSV23 only
B. MenACWY
C. PCV15 and PCV20
D. Hib only
Correct Answer: C. PCV15 and PCV20
Rationale: Current pediatric PCVs.
16. Influenza vaccines are updated annually because:
A. Immunity lasts forever
B. Influenza viruses change (antigenic drift)
C. The vaccine is live
D. Only adults need it
Correct Answer: B. Influenza viruses change (antigenic drift)
Rationale: Strain selection.
17. A rare, fatal late complication of measles is:
A. Orchitis
B. Congenital rubella syndrome
C. Shingles
D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Correct Answer: D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Rationale: Years after infection.
