WGU D203 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3
50 questions
1. A patient has pain in the right lower quadrant with fever. Which organ is most likely involved?
A. Spleen
B. Stomach
C. Appendix
D. Heart
Correct Answer: C. Appendix
Rationale: Appendicitis classically causes RLQ pain.
2. A wound is located on the anterior forearm, 5 cm proximal to the wrist. Which describes its
location?
A. On the back of the hand
B. On the front of the forearm, closer to the elbow than the wrist
C. On the upper arm
D. On the palm
Correct Answer: B. On the front of the forearm, closer to the elbow than the wrist
Rationale: Proximal means closer to the trunk.
3. A runner's body temperature rises; she sweats and her skin flushes. Which component is the
control center?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Sweat glands
C. Skin blood vessels
D. Thermoreceptors
Correct Answer: A. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus integrates temperature information.
4. A patient receives a large volume of a hypotonic IV solution. Which risk occurs?
A. Cells shrink
B. Cells swell as water enters them
C. No change
D. Blood becomes hypertonic
Correct Answer: B. Cells swell as water enters them
Rationale: Water moves into cells.
5. A genetic disorder affects lysosomes. Which problem would occur?
A. Cells cannot make ATP
B. Proteins cannot be synthesized
C. DNA cannot be stored
D. Waste materials accumulate inside cells
Correct Answer: D. Waste materials accumulate inside cells
Rationale: Lysosomes digest waste.
6. A biopsy shows tall cells in a single layer with microvilli lining an organ. Which organ is most
likely?
A. Skin
B. Bladder
C. Trachea
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: D. Small intestine
Rationale: Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli absorbs nutrients.
, 7. An adult burned the entire right leg and the entire right arm. Using the rule of nines, the total
is:
A. 27%
B. 18%
C. 36%
D. 9%
Correct Answer: A. 27%
Rationale: Each leg is 18% and each arm is 9%.
8. A patient has a red, painful sunburn without blisters. This is a:
A. Partial-thickness burn
B. Full-thickness burn
C. Superficial (first-degree) burn
D. Fourth-degree burn
Correct Answer: C. Superficial (first-degree) burn
Rationale: Only the epidermis is affected.
9. A child has a fracture through the epiphyseal plate. Why is this concerning?
A. The bone cannot heal
B. It may affect future bone growth
C. It affects only blood cells
D. It has no effect
Correct Answer: B. It may affect future bone growth
Rationale: Growth plate injuries can cause limb length differences.
10. A postmenopausal woman has reduced bone density. Which hormone decline contributes
most?
A. Insulin
B. Melatonin
C. Estrogen
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C. Estrogen
Rationale: Estrogen helps limit bone resorption.
11. A patient with hypercalcemia from a parathyroid tumor would have:
A. Low PTH
B. Excess PTH increasing bone resorption
C. Excess calcitonin
D. Low vitamin D always
Correct Answer: B. Excess PTH increasing bone resorption
Rationale: Too much PTH raises blood calcium.
12. An athlete tears the ligament that stabilizes the knee. Which tissue was injured?
A. Dense regular connective tissue connecting bone to bone
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: A. Dense regular connective tissue connecting bone to bone
Rationale: Ligaments are dense regular connective tissue.
50 questions
1. A patient has pain in the right lower quadrant with fever. Which organ is most likely involved?
A. Spleen
B. Stomach
C. Appendix
D. Heart
Correct Answer: C. Appendix
Rationale: Appendicitis classically causes RLQ pain.
2. A wound is located on the anterior forearm, 5 cm proximal to the wrist. Which describes its
location?
A. On the back of the hand
B. On the front of the forearm, closer to the elbow than the wrist
C. On the upper arm
D. On the palm
Correct Answer: B. On the front of the forearm, closer to the elbow than the wrist
Rationale: Proximal means closer to the trunk.
3. A runner's body temperature rises; she sweats and her skin flushes. Which component is the
control center?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Sweat glands
C. Skin blood vessels
D. Thermoreceptors
Correct Answer: A. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus integrates temperature information.
4. A patient receives a large volume of a hypotonic IV solution. Which risk occurs?
A. Cells shrink
B. Cells swell as water enters them
C. No change
D. Blood becomes hypertonic
Correct Answer: B. Cells swell as water enters them
Rationale: Water moves into cells.
5. A genetic disorder affects lysosomes. Which problem would occur?
A. Cells cannot make ATP
B. Proteins cannot be synthesized
C. DNA cannot be stored
D. Waste materials accumulate inside cells
Correct Answer: D. Waste materials accumulate inside cells
Rationale: Lysosomes digest waste.
6. A biopsy shows tall cells in a single layer with microvilli lining an organ. Which organ is most
likely?
A. Skin
B. Bladder
C. Trachea
D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: D. Small intestine
Rationale: Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli absorbs nutrients.
, 7. An adult burned the entire right leg and the entire right arm. Using the rule of nines, the total
is:
A. 27%
B. 18%
C. 36%
D. 9%
Correct Answer: A. 27%
Rationale: Each leg is 18% and each arm is 9%.
8. A patient has a red, painful sunburn without blisters. This is a:
A. Partial-thickness burn
B. Full-thickness burn
C. Superficial (first-degree) burn
D. Fourth-degree burn
Correct Answer: C. Superficial (first-degree) burn
Rationale: Only the epidermis is affected.
9. A child has a fracture through the epiphyseal plate. Why is this concerning?
A. The bone cannot heal
B. It may affect future bone growth
C. It affects only blood cells
D. It has no effect
Correct Answer: B. It may affect future bone growth
Rationale: Growth plate injuries can cause limb length differences.
10. A postmenopausal woman has reduced bone density. Which hormone decline contributes
most?
A. Insulin
B. Melatonin
C. Estrogen
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C. Estrogen
Rationale: Estrogen helps limit bone resorption.
11. A patient with hypercalcemia from a parathyroid tumor would have:
A. Low PTH
B. Excess PTH increasing bone resorption
C. Excess calcitonin
D. Low vitamin D always
Correct Answer: B. Excess PTH increasing bone resorption
Rationale: Too much PTH raises blood calcium.
12. An athlete tears the ligament that stabilizes the knee. Which tissue was injured?
A. Dense regular connective tissue connecting bone to bone
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: A. Dense regular connective tissue connecting bone to bone
Rationale: Ligaments are dense regular connective tissue.
