NUR 2063 Exam 1
Essentials of Pathophysiology – Cellular Adaptation,
Inflammation, Immunity, Fluids, and Acid-Base
Questions with Answers and Rationales
Instructions: This exam contains multiple-choice questions covering the core content tested
on NUR 2063 Exam 1. Topics include pathophysiology foundations, cellular adaptation and
injury, inflammation and wound healing, immunity and immunopathology, infection, fluid
and electrolyte imbalances, and acid-base disorders.
1. What is the correct definition of pathophysiology?
A. The study of drug interactions
B. The study of what happens when normal anatomy and physiology go wrong,
causing disorder and disease
C. The study of disease prevention only
D. The study of cellular reproduction
Correct Answer: B — The study of what happens when normal anatomy
and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease
Rationale: Pathophysiology is the study of the disordered
physiological processes associated with disease or injury. It examines
how normal body functions are disrupted by disease processes .
,2. What are the four components included in the study of
pathophysiology?
A. Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment, Prevention
B. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment Implications
C. Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System
D. Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Correct Answer: B — Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
Treatment Implications
Rationale: Pathophysiology includes etiology (study of causes),
pathogenesis (development of disease), clinical manifestations (signs
and symptoms), and treatment implications .
3. What is the definition of etiology?
A. The study of disease manifestations
B. The study of causes or reasons for phenomena
C. The study of disease treatment
D. The study of disease prevention
Correct Answer: B — The study of causes or reasons for phenomena
,Rationale: Etiology is the study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
This includes idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or
cause .
4. What is pathogenesis?
A. The study of disease causes
B. The development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the expression
of manifestations
C. The study of disease patterns in populations
D. The treatment of disease
Correct Answer: B — The development or evolution of disease from
initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs
.
5. Which of the following is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure reading
B. Rash
, C. Pain scale rating
D. Lab results
Correct Answer: C — Pain scale rating
Rationale: Subjective data is what the patient reports to you. Examples
include pain scale ratings, feeling suicidal, and fatigue. Objective data
is what you observe and can measure, such as rash, low blood
pressure, and bleeding .
6. What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
A. Signs are subjective; symptoms are objective
B. Signs are objective or observed manifestations; symptoms are subjective
feelings
C. There is no difference
D. Signs are reported by the patient; symptoms are measured
Correct Answer: B — Signs are objective or observed manifestations;
symptoms are subjective feelings
Rationale: Signs are objective or observed manifestations of disease
(e.g., rash, fever). Symptoms are subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body (e.g., pain, nausea) .
Essentials of Pathophysiology – Cellular Adaptation,
Inflammation, Immunity, Fluids, and Acid-Base
Questions with Answers and Rationales
Instructions: This exam contains multiple-choice questions covering the core content tested
on NUR 2063 Exam 1. Topics include pathophysiology foundations, cellular adaptation and
injury, inflammation and wound healing, immunity and immunopathology, infection, fluid
and electrolyte imbalances, and acid-base disorders.
1. What is the correct definition of pathophysiology?
A. The study of drug interactions
B. The study of what happens when normal anatomy and physiology go wrong,
causing disorder and disease
C. The study of disease prevention only
D. The study of cellular reproduction
Correct Answer: B — The study of what happens when normal anatomy
and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease
Rationale: Pathophysiology is the study of the disordered
physiological processes associated with disease or injury. It examines
how normal body functions are disrupted by disease processes .
,2. What are the four components included in the study of
pathophysiology?
A. Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment, Prevention
B. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment Implications
C. Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System
D. Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Correct Answer: B — Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
Treatment Implications
Rationale: Pathophysiology includes etiology (study of causes),
pathogenesis (development of disease), clinical manifestations (signs
and symptoms), and treatment implications .
3. What is the definition of etiology?
A. The study of disease manifestations
B. The study of causes or reasons for phenomena
C. The study of disease treatment
D. The study of disease prevention
Correct Answer: B — The study of causes or reasons for phenomena
,Rationale: Etiology is the study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
This includes idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or
cause .
4. What is pathogenesis?
A. The study of disease causes
B. The development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the expression
of manifestations
C. The study of disease patterns in populations
D. The treatment of disease
Correct Answer: B — The development or evolution of disease from
initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs
.
5. Which of the following is an example of subjective data?
A. Blood pressure reading
B. Rash
, C. Pain scale rating
D. Lab results
Correct Answer: C — Pain scale rating
Rationale: Subjective data is what the patient reports to you. Examples
include pain scale ratings, feeling suicidal, and fatigue. Objective data
is what you observe and can measure, such as rash, low blood
pressure, and bleeding .
6. What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
A. Signs are subjective; symptoms are objective
B. Signs are objective or observed manifestations; symptoms are subjective
feelings
C. There is no difference
D. Signs are reported by the patient; symptoms are measured
Correct Answer: B — Signs are objective or observed manifestations;
symptoms are subjective feelings
Rationale: Signs are objective or observed manifestations of disease
(e.g., rash, fever). Symptoms are subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body (e.g., pain, nausea) .
