NUR 2349 EXAM 2
Professional Nursing I – Elimination, Ethics,
Perioperative Care, and Fluid Balance – Questions
with Answers and Rationales
Instructions: This practice exam contains multiple-choice questions covering the core content tested on
NUR 2349 Exam 2 at Rasmussen University. Topics include gastrointestinal and urinary elimination,
ethical principles, informed consent, perioperative care, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base
imbalances.
1. An 8-month-old infant is hospitalized with severe diarrhea. The nurse knows that the
major problem associated with severe diarrhea is:
A. Skin breakdown
B. Electrolyte and fluid loss
C. Malnutrition
D. Sleep disturbance
Correct Answer: B — Electrolyte and fluid loss
Rationale: Severe diarrhea in infants can rapidly lead to significant electrolyte and fluid
losses, causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Infants are particularly vulnerable
due to their higher body water content and faster metabolic rate .
2. A 28-year-old female client presents at the emergency department with a rapid onset of
fever and chills, with flank pain, pyuria, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Laboratory
results indicate bacteriuria, WBCs, and casts. What condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Cystitis
B. Acute pyelonephritis
,C. Kidney stones
D. Urethritis
Correct Answer: B — Acute pyelonephritis
Rationale: The presence of fever, chills, flank pain, pyuria, bacteriuria, and casts indicates
acute pyelonephritis, which is an infection of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue. Cystitis
typically presents without fever or flank pain .
3. A 37-year-old male client presents at the emergency department with excruciating pain
that comes in waves, nausea, vomiting, and chills. The nurse suspects the client has kidney
stones. What test would be ordered to confirm or rule out this condition?
A. CT scan with contrast
B. KUB flat plate of the abdomen
C. Renal ultrasound
D. Cystoscopy
Correct Answer: B — KUB flat plate of the abdomen
Rationale: A KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) flat plate of the abdomen is a common initial
diagnostic test to identify kidney stones. It can detect most calculi and is readily available
in emergency settings .
4. After being diagnosed, a client asks the nurse "What is pyelonephritis?" The nurse
should respond:
A. "Pyelonephritis is a condition that only affects the bladder."
B. "Pyelonephritis is a common infection that needs to be treated to prevent complications."
C. "Pyelonephritis is a type of kidney stone."
D. "Pyelonephritis is a chronic condition that resolves on its own."
, Correct Answer: B — "Pyelonephritis is a common infection that needs to be treated to
prevent complications."
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney that requires prompt
antibiotic treatment to prevent complications such as sepsis, renal scarring, and chronic
kidney disease .
5. Although a nurse may not agree, the nurse recognizes that a terminally ill client has the
legal right to: (Select all that apply.)
A. Refuse treatment
B. Refuse life-saving hydration and nutrition
C. Request physician-assisted suicide in states where it is legal
D. Declare DNR status
E. Sign an organ donor card
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Competent clients have the right to refuse treatment, including life-saving
hydration and nutrition. Physician-assisted suicide is legal in some states, and clients have
the right to declare DNR status or sign an organ donor card .
6. A patient has asked the nurse to explain her laboratory results. The nurse informs the
patient that he must first assist another patient to the bathroom and then he will explain
the results. The nurse assists the other patient to the bathroom and then returns to
explain the results to the patient. What moral principle has the nurse displayed?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
Professional Nursing I – Elimination, Ethics,
Perioperative Care, and Fluid Balance – Questions
with Answers and Rationales
Instructions: This practice exam contains multiple-choice questions covering the core content tested on
NUR 2349 Exam 2 at Rasmussen University. Topics include gastrointestinal and urinary elimination,
ethical principles, informed consent, perioperative care, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base
imbalances.
1. An 8-month-old infant is hospitalized with severe diarrhea. The nurse knows that the
major problem associated with severe diarrhea is:
A. Skin breakdown
B. Electrolyte and fluid loss
C. Malnutrition
D. Sleep disturbance
Correct Answer: B — Electrolyte and fluid loss
Rationale: Severe diarrhea in infants can rapidly lead to significant electrolyte and fluid
losses, causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Infants are particularly vulnerable
due to their higher body water content and faster metabolic rate .
2. A 28-year-old female client presents at the emergency department with a rapid onset of
fever and chills, with flank pain, pyuria, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Laboratory
results indicate bacteriuria, WBCs, and casts. What condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Cystitis
B. Acute pyelonephritis
,C. Kidney stones
D. Urethritis
Correct Answer: B — Acute pyelonephritis
Rationale: The presence of fever, chills, flank pain, pyuria, bacteriuria, and casts indicates
acute pyelonephritis, which is an infection of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue. Cystitis
typically presents without fever or flank pain .
3. A 37-year-old male client presents at the emergency department with excruciating pain
that comes in waves, nausea, vomiting, and chills. The nurse suspects the client has kidney
stones. What test would be ordered to confirm or rule out this condition?
A. CT scan with contrast
B. KUB flat plate of the abdomen
C. Renal ultrasound
D. Cystoscopy
Correct Answer: B — KUB flat plate of the abdomen
Rationale: A KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) flat plate of the abdomen is a common initial
diagnostic test to identify kidney stones. It can detect most calculi and is readily available
in emergency settings .
4. After being diagnosed, a client asks the nurse "What is pyelonephritis?" The nurse
should respond:
A. "Pyelonephritis is a condition that only affects the bladder."
B. "Pyelonephritis is a common infection that needs to be treated to prevent complications."
C. "Pyelonephritis is a type of kidney stone."
D. "Pyelonephritis is a chronic condition that resolves on its own."
, Correct Answer: B — "Pyelonephritis is a common infection that needs to be treated to
prevent complications."
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney that requires prompt
antibiotic treatment to prevent complications such as sepsis, renal scarring, and chronic
kidney disease .
5. Although a nurse may not agree, the nurse recognizes that a terminally ill client has the
legal right to: (Select all that apply.)
A. Refuse treatment
B. Refuse life-saving hydration and nutrition
C. Request physician-assisted suicide in states where it is legal
D. Declare DNR status
E. Sign an organ donor card
Correct Answers: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Competent clients have the right to refuse treatment, including life-saving
hydration and nutrition. Physician-assisted suicide is legal in some states, and clients have
the right to declare DNR status or sign an organ donor card .
6. A patient has asked the nurse to explain her laboratory results. The nurse informs the
patient that he must first assist another patient to the bathroom and then he will explain
the results. The nurse assists the other patient to the bathroom and then returns to
explain the results to the patient. What moral principle has the nurse displayed?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
