BIO 152 FINAL Questions with Correct Solutions
Question:
1. What is genetic variation?
Answer:
Differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population
Question:
2. What is the source of genetic variation?
Answer:
Mutation and Recombination
Question:
3. What is the difference between mutation and recombination?
Answer:
Mutation creates new alleles by changing DNA sequence; Recombination reshuffles existing
alleles during meiosis.
Question:
4. Why does genetic variation matter?
Answer:
It is required for Natural Selection and Evolution; without variation, a population cannot
adapt.
Question:
5. What are alleles?
Answer:
Different forms of a gene.
Question:
6. What is a dominant allele?
Answer:
Expressed with one copy.
Question:
7. What is a recessive allele?
,Answer:
Expressed only when homozygous.
Question:
8. What is a genotype?
Answer:
Genetic makeup.
Question:
9. What is a phenotype?
Answer:
Observable trait.
Question:
10. What does homozygous mean?
Answer:
Same alleles.
Question:
11. What does heterozygous mean?
Answer:
Different alleles.
Question:
12. What is evolution?
Answer:
Change in allele frequencies over time.
Question:
13. What is Hardy-Weinberg (HW) Equilibrium?
Answer:
A state where allele frequencies remain constant under specific conditions.
Question:
14. What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Answer:
No mutation, No migration, Large population, Random mating, No natural selection.
, Question:
15. What happens to allele frequencies over time under Hardy-Weinberg conditions?
Answer:
They remain constant.
Question:
16. What does it mean for an allele to be fixed?
Answer:
Frequency = 1 (only allele present).
Question:
17. What does it mean for an allele to be lost?
Answer:
Frequency = 0 (completely gone).
Question:
18. What is evolution by natural selection?
Answer:
Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more.
Question:
19. How does natural selection change the frequencies of advantageous and deleterious
mutations?
Answer:
Advantageous alleles increase; Deleterious alleles decrease.
Question:
20. What is an adaptation?
Answer:
A trait that increases fitness (survival/reproduction).
Question:
21. What leads to adaptation?
Answer:
Natural selection acting on genetic variation.
Question:
22. What are the three forms of natural selection?
Question:
1. What is genetic variation?
Answer:
Differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population
Question:
2. What is the source of genetic variation?
Answer:
Mutation and Recombination
Question:
3. What is the difference between mutation and recombination?
Answer:
Mutation creates new alleles by changing DNA sequence; Recombination reshuffles existing
alleles during meiosis.
Question:
4. Why does genetic variation matter?
Answer:
It is required for Natural Selection and Evolution; without variation, a population cannot
adapt.
Question:
5. What are alleles?
Answer:
Different forms of a gene.
Question:
6. What is a dominant allele?
Answer:
Expressed with one copy.
Question:
7. What is a recessive allele?
,Answer:
Expressed only when homozygous.
Question:
8. What is a genotype?
Answer:
Genetic makeup.
Question:
9. What is a phenotype?
Answer:
Observable trait.
Question:
10. What does homozygous mean?
Answer:
Same alleles.
Question:
11. What does heterozygous mean?
Answer:
Different alleles.
Question:
12. What is evolution?
Answer:
Change in allele frequencies over time.
Question:
13. What is Hardy-Weinberg (HW) Equilibrium?
Answer:
A state where allele frequencies remain constant under specific conditions.
Question:
14. What are the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Answer:
No mutation, No migration, Large population, Random mating, No natural selection.
, Question:
15. What happens to allele frequencies over time under Hardy-Weinberg conditions?
Answer:
They remain constant.
Question:
16. What does it mean for an allele to be fixed?
Answer:
Frequency = 1 (only allele present).
Question:
17. What does it mean for an allele to be lost?
Answer:
Frequency = 0 (completely gone).
Question:
18. What is evolution by natural selection?
Answer:
Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more.
Question:
19. How does natural selection change the frequencies of advantageous and deleterious
mutations?
Answer:
Advantageous alleles increase; Deleterious alleles decrease.
Question:
20. What is an adaptation?
Answer:
A trait that increases fitness (survival/reproduction).
Question:
21. What leads to adaptation?
Answer:
Natural selection acting on genetic variation.
Question:
22. What are the three forms of natural selection?
