NSG 3160 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
100% Answers
Question 1
Which of the following statements regarding cultural/racial differences in the
treatment of pain is true?
a. Neurotransmitters are more concentrated in white individuals than in black and
Hispanic individuals.
b. White individuals receive more analgesic therapy than black or Hispanic individuals
with similar symptoms.
c. Pain modulation is more highly developed in black and Hispanic individuals.
d. Black and Hispanic individuals have been found to have a higher pain tolerance
than white individuals.
Correct Answer
b. White individuals receive more analgesic therapy than black or Hispanic
individuals with similar symptoms.
Various studies describe how black and Hispanic patients are often prescribed less
analgesic therapy than white patients, although most of these differences are small.
No evidence supports anything else.
Page 1 of 47
,Question 2
Cerebellar function is tested by
a. muscle strength assessment.
b. performance of rapid alternating movements.
c. the Phalen maneuver.
d. superficial pain and touch assessment.
Correct Answer
b. performance of rapid alternating movements.
The cerebellum controls motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium,
and muscle tone. Cerebellar function is tested by balance tests (e.g., gait, Romberg
test) and coordination and skilled movements (e.g., rapid alternating movements,
finger-to-finger test, finger-to-nose test, heel-to-shin test). Muscle strength
assessment examines the intactness of the motor system. The Phalen maneuver
reproduces numbness and burning in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Superficial pain and touch assessment examines intactness of the spinothalamic
tract.
Question 3
The tympanic membrane of a child with acute otitis media would be
a. bulging with a distinct red color.
b. flat and slightly pulled in at the center.
c. mobile and would flutter with the Valsalva maneuver.
d. shiny and translucent, with a pearly gray color.
Correct Answer
a. bulging with a distinct red color.
The tympanic membrane would be bulging and red with acute otitis media. A
normal tympanic membrane is flat and slightly pulled in at the center. A normal
tympanic membrane is mobile and flutters with the Valsalva maneuver. A normal
tympanic membrane is shiny and translucent, with a pearly gray color.
Page 2 of 47
,Question 4
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults
a. extend their heads and jaws forward.
b. shuffle.
c. stiffen their gait.
d. increase their center of gravity.
Correct Answer
a. extend their heads and jaws forward.
An older adult may show an increased anterior cervical (concave or inward) curve
when the head and jaw are extended forward to compensate for kyphosis of the
spine.
Question 5
What occurs during transduction (the first phase of nociceptive pain)?
a. Chemical mediators are neutralized to decrease the perception of pain.
b. Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord.
c. The brain interprets the pain signal.
d. The pain impulse moves from the spinal cord to the brain.
Correct Answer
b. Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord.
Transduction is the first phase of nociceptive pain. During this phase, injured tissue
releases chemicals that propagate the pain message; an action potential moves
along an afferent fiber to the spinal cord. During transmission (the second phase),
the pain impulse moves from the level of the spinal cord to the brain. The third
phase is perception; the person has conscious awareness of a painful sensation. In
phase four, modulation, the neurons from the brainstem release neurotransmitters
that block the pain impulse.
Page 3 of 47
, Question 6
In addition to initiating digestion of food, saliva
a. protects the mucosa from caustic substances.
b. augments taste sensation.
c. inhibits overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth.
d. cleans and protects the mucosa.
Correct Answer
d. cleans and protects the mucosa.
Saliva moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and
protects the mucosa.
Question 7
Decreased vision in an older patient may be due to which of the following conditions?
a. Macular degeneration
b. Presbyopia
c. Fixation
d. Retinoblastoma
Correct Answer
a. Macular degeneration
Decreased vision in older patients is most commonly caused by cataracts, glaucoma,
or macular degeneration. Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that
usually affects children younger than 6 years old. Fixation is a reflex direction of the
eye toward an object attracting a person's attention; fixation is impaired by drugs,
alcohol, fatigue, and inattention. The lens in an older adult loses elasticity and
becomes hard and glasslike; this decreases the lens' ability to change shape to
accommodate for near vision and is called presbyopia.
Page 4 of 47
100% Answers
Question 1
Which of the following statements regarding cultural/racial differences in the
treatment of pain is true?
a. Neurotransmitters are more concentrated in white individuals than in black and
Hispanic individuals.
b. White individuals receive more analgesic therapy than black or Hispanic individuals
with similar symptoms.
c. Pain modulation is more highly developed in black and Hispanic individuals.
d. Black and Hispanic individuals have been found to have a higher pain tolerance
than white individuals.
Correct Answer
b. White individuals receive more analgesic therapy than black or Hispanic
individuals with similar symptoms.
Various studies describe how black and Hispanic patients are often prescribed less
analgesic therapy than white patients, although most of these differences are small.
No evidence supports anything else.
Page 1 of 47
,Question 2
Cerebellar function is tested by
a. muscle strength assessment.
b. performance of rapid alternating movements.
c. the Phalen maneuver.
d. superficial pain and touch assessment.
Correct Answer
b. performance of rapid alternating movements.
The cerebellum controls motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium,
and muscle tone. Cerebellar function is tested by balance tests (e.g., gait, Romberg
test) and coordination and skilled movements (e.g., rapid alternating movements,
finger-to-finger test, finger-to-nose test, heel-to-shin test). Muscle strength
assessment examines the intactness of the motor system. The Phalen maneuver
reproduces numbness and burning in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Superficial pain and touch assessment examines intactness of the spinothalamic
tract.
Question 3
The tympanic membrane of a child with acute otitis media would be
a. bulging with a distinct red color.
b. flat and slightly pulled in at the center.
c. mobile and would flutter with the Valsalva maneuver.
d. shiny and translucent, with a pearly gray color.
Correct Answer
a. bulging with a distinct red color.
The tympanic membrane would be bulging and red with acute otitis media. A
normal tympanic membrane is flat and slightly pulled in at the center. A normal
tympanic membrane is mobile and flutters with the Valsalva maneuver. A normal
tympanic membrane is shiny and translucent, with a pearly gray color.
Page 2 of 47
,Question 4
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults
a. extend their heads and jaws forward.
b. shuffle.
c. stiffen their gait.
d. increase their center of gravity.
Correct Answer
a. extend their heads and jaws forward.
An older adult may show an increased anterior cervical (concave or inward) curve
when the head and jaw are extended forward to compensate for kyphosis of the
spine.
Question 5
What occurs during transduction (the first phase of nociceptive pain)?
a. Chemical mediators are neutralized to decrease the perception of pain.
b. Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord.
c. The brain interprets the pain signal.
d. The pain impulse moves from the spinal cord to the brain.
Correct Answer
b. Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord.
Transduction is the first phase of nociceptive pain. During this phase, injured tissue
releases chemicals that propagate the pain message; an action potential moves
along an afferent fiber to the spinal cord. During transmission (the second phase),
the pain impulse moves from the level of the spinal cord to the brain. The third
phase is perception; the person has conscious awareness of a painful sensation. In
phase four, modulation, the neurons from the brainstem release neurotransmitters
that block the pain impulse.
Page 3 of 47
, Question 6
In addition to initiating digestion of food, saliva
a. protects the mucosa from caustic substances.
b. augments taste sensation.
c. inhibits overgrowth of bacteria in the mouth.
d. cleans and protects the mucosa.
Correct Answer
d. cleans and protects the mucosa.
Saliva moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and
protects the mucosa.
Question 7
Decreased vision in an older patient may be due to which of the following conditions?
a. Macular degeneration
b. Presbyopia
c. Fixation
d. Retinoblastoma
Correct Answer
a. Macular degeneration
Decreased vision in older patients is most commonly caused by cataracts, glaucoma,
or macular degeneration. Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that
usually affects children younger than 6 years old. Fixation is a reflex direction of the
eye toward an object attracting a person's attention; fixation is impaired by drugs,
alcohol, fatigue, and inattention. The lens in an older adult loses elasticity and
becomes hard and glasslike; this decreases the lens' ability to change shape to
accommodate for near vision and is called presbyopia.
Page 4 of 47
