@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
TEST BANK
Essential Cell Biology
Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander Johnson
6th Edition
All Chapters Complete (Questions with Verified Answers)
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
Table of Contents
1. Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life
2. Chemical Components of Cells
3. Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
4. Protein Structure and Function
5. DNA and Chromosomes
6. DNA Replication and Repair
7. From DNA to Protein: How Cells Read the Genome
8. Control of Gene Expression
9. How Genes and Genomes Evolve
10. Analyzing the Structure and Function of Genes
11. Membrane Structure
12. Transport Across Cell Membranes
13. How Cells Obtain Energy from Food
14. Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
15. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Transport
16. Cell Signaling
17. Cytoskeleton
18. The Cell Cycle
19. Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
20. Cell Communities: Tissues, Stem Cells, and Cancer
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
CHAPTER 1: CELLS: THE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE E E
(ANSWERS AT THE END OF EVERY CHAPTER)
Unity and Diversity of Cells
E E E
1-1 Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that ther
e are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms, it re
mains difficult to define what it means to say something is alive. Which of the following can be describ
ed as the smallest living unit?
(a) DNA (b) cell
(c) organelle
(d) protein
1-2 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain whyit is
false.
A. The Paramecium is a multicellular microorganism covered with hairlike cilia.
B. Cells of different types can have different chemical requirements. C.
The branchlike extensions that sprout from a single nerve cell in a
mammalian brain can extend over several hundred micrometers.
1-3 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the li
st below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once.
Cells can be verydiverse: superficially, theycome in various sizes, ranging from bacterial
cells such as Lactobacillus, which is a few
in length, to larger cells such as a frog’s egg, which has a diameter of abo
ut one
. Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree
in their chemistry. For example, the same 20
areused to make proteins. Similarly, the genetic information of all cells is
stored in their
. Although
contain the same types of molecules as cells, their inability to reproduce t
hemselves by their own efforts means that they are not considered living matter.
amino acids micrometer(s) viruses
DNA millimeter(s) plant yeast
fattyacids s
meter plasma membranes
, @ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
1-4 How does cellular specialization serve multicellular organisms and how might a
high degree of specialization be detrimental?
1-5 The flow of genetic information is controlled bya series of biochemical reactions t
hat result in the production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino ac
ids. Choose the correct series of biochemical reactions from the options presented
here.
(a) replication, transcription, translation
(b) replication, translation, transcription
(c) translation, transcription, replication
(d) translation, replication, transcription
1-6 Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helpi
ng to determine its chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the
environment. Remarkably, all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the s
ame 20
. By linking them in different sequences, the cell can
make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and
therefore different functions.
(a) nucleotides.
(b) sugars.
(c) amino acids.
(d) fatty acids.
1-7 Which statement is NOT true about mutations?
(a) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring less fit for s
urvival than their parents.
(b) A mutation can be a result of imperfect DNA duplication.
(c) A mutation is a result of sexual reproduction.
(d) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring that are as fi
t for survival as their parents are.
1-8 Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring t
hat are altered in fitness compared with their parents. The process of change and sel
ection over the course of many generations is the basis of .
(a) mutation.
(b) evolution.
(c) heredity.
(d) reproduction.
1-9 Select the option that best finishes the following statement: “Evolution is a p
E
rocess .”
(a) that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection.
(b) that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions of years.
(c) bywhich all present-day cells arose from 4–5 different ancestral cells.
(d) that requires hundreds of thousands of years.
TEST BANK
Essential Cell Biology
Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander Johnson
6th Edition
All Chapters Complete (Questions with Verified Answers)
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
Table of Contents
1. Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life
2. Chemical Components of Cells
3. Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis
4. Protein Structure and Function
5. DNA and Chromosomes
6. DNA Replication and Repair
7. From DNA to Protein: How Cells Read the Genome
8. Control of Gene Expression
9. How Genes and Genomes Evolve
10. Analyzing the Structure and Function of Genes
11. Membrane Structure
12. Transport Across Cell Membranes
13. How Cells Obtain Energy from Food
14. Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
15. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Transport
16. Cell Signaling
17. Cytoskeleton
18. The Cell Cycle
19. Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
20. Cell Communities: Tissues, Stem Cells, and Cancer
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
CHAPTER 1: CELLS: THE FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE E E
(ANSWERS AT THE END OF EVERY CHAPTER)
Unity and Diversity of Cells
E E E
1-1 Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that ther
e are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms, it re
mains difficult to define what it means to say something is alive. Which of the following can be describ
ed as the smallest living unit?
(a) DNA (b) cell
(c) organelle
(d) protein
1-2 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain whyit is
false.
A. The Paramecium is a multicellular microorganism covered with hairlike cilia.
B. Cells of different types can have different chemical requirements. C.
The branchlike extensions that sprout from a single nerve cell in a
mammalian brain can extend over several hundred micrometers.
1-3 For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the li
st below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once.
Cells can be verydiverse: superficially, theycome in various sizes, ranging from bacterial
cells such as Lactobacillus, which is a few
in length, to larger cells such as a frog’s egg, which has a diameter of abo
ut one
. Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree
in their chemistry. For example, the same 20
areused to make proteins. Similarly, the genetic information of all cells is
stored in their
. Although
contain the same types of molecules as cells, their inability to reproduce t
hemselves by their own efforts means that they are not considered living matter.
amino acids micrometer(s) viruses
DNA millimeter(s) plant yeast
fattyacids s
meter plasma membranes
, @ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
1-4 How does cellular specialization serve multicellular organisms and how might a
high degree of specialization be detrimental?
1-5 The flow of genetic information is controlled bya series of biochemical reactions t
hat result in the production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino ac
ids. Choose the correct series of biochemical reactions from the options presented
here.
(a) replication, transcription, translation
(b) replication, translation, transcription
(c) translation, transcription, replication
(d) translation, replication, transcription
1-6 Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helpi
ng to determine its chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the
environment. Remarkably, all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the s
ame 20
. By linking them in different sequences, the cell can
make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and
therefore different functions.
(a) nucleotides.
(b) sugars.
(c) amino acids.
(d) fatty acids.
1-7 Which statement is NOT true about mutations?
(a) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring less fit for s
urvival than their parents.
(b) A mutation can be a result of imperfect DNA duplication.
(c) A mutation is a result of sexual reproduction.
(d) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring that are as fi
t for survival as their parents are.
1-8 Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring t
hat are altered in fitness compared with their parents. The process of change and sel
ection over the course of many generations is the basis of .
(a) mutation.
(b) evolution.
(c) heredity.
(d) reproduction.
1-9 Select the option that best finishes the following statement: “Evolution is a p
E
rocess .”
(a) that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection.
(b) that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions of years.
(c) bywhich all present-day cells arose from 4–5 different ancestral cells.
(d) that requires hundreds of thousands of years.
