WEEK 2 PEDIATRIC ENT - EAR, SINUS, AND THROAT KEY CONCEPTS
STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What pediatric Eustachian tube characteristic increases AOM risk?
Answer:
Shorter, wider, and more horizontal Eustachian tube increases middle ear fluid trapping and AOM
risk.
Question:
2. Why are children more prone to cerumen impaction?
Answer:
Smaller external auditory canals make obstruction more likely.
Question:
3. What is the normal appearance of the tympanic membrane?
Answer:
Pearly gray, cone of light, mobile with insufflation.
Question:
4. What key otoscopic finding distinguishes AOM from OME?
Answer:
Bulging tympanic membrane indicates AOM.
Question:
5. Which sinuses develop earliest in children?
Answer:
Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses.
Question:
6. Why is frontal sinusitis uncommon in young children?
Answer:
Frontal sinuses develop later in childhood.
Question:
7. What is the most common source of pediatric epistaxis?
Answer:
Anterior septum Kiesselbach plexus.
Question:
8. What does unilateral foul smelling nasal discharge suggest?
Answer:
Nasal foreign body.
,Question:
9. What is the most common cause of chronic stridor in infants?
Answer:
Laryngomalacia.
Question:
10. How does laryngomalacia typically present?
Answer:
Inspiratory stridor worse supine or with agitation, improves by 12 months.
Question:
11. Where does conductive hearing loss pathology occur?
Answer:
Outer or middle ear.
Question:
12. ductive hearing loss in children?
Answer:
OME, cerumen impaction, ossicular issues.
Question:
13. What structures are involved in sensorineural hearing loss?
Answer:
Cochlea or auditory nerve.
Question:
14. What is required for sudden sensorineural hearing loss?
Answer:
Urgent ENT referral.
Question:
15. How can OME affect developmental domains?
Answer:
Speech and language development.
Question:
16. What are the risk factors for otitis externa?
Answer:
Swimming, Q-tip use, ear canal trauma, foreign bodies.
Question:
17. What is the classic exam finding of otitis externa?
, Answer:
Pain with tragus or pinna manipulation.
Question:
18. What is the first line treatment for otitis externa?
Answer:
Topical ciprofloxacin dexamethasone drops.
Question:
19. Should oral antibiotics be used for otitis externa?
Answer:
No.
Question:
20. What are the most common pathogens in AOM?
Answer:
Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.
Question:
21. What are the risk factors for AOM?
Answer:
Daycare, tobacco smoke, age under 2, URI, bottle feeding supine.
Question:
22. What is the hallmark otoscopic finding in AOM?
Answer:
Bulging tympanic membrane with effusion.
Question:
23. What defines otitis media with effusion?
Answer:
fection.
Question:
24. Are antibiotics recommended for OME?
Answer:
No.
Question:
25. How long should OME be observed before ENT referral for bilateral effusion?
Answer:
3 months.
Question:
STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What pediatric Eustachian tube characteristic increases AOM risk?
Answer:
Shorter, wider, and more horizontal Eustachian tube increases middle ear fluid trapping and AOM
risk.
Question:
2. Why are children more prone to cerumen impaction?
Answer:
Smaller external auditory canals make obstruction more likely.
Question:
3. What is the normal appearance of the tympanic membrane?
Answer:
Pearly gray, cone of light, mobile with insufflation.
Question:
4. What key otoscopic finding distinguishes AOM from OME?
Answer:
Bulging tympanic membrane indicates AOM.
Question:
5. Which sinuses develop earliest in children?
Answer:
Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses.
Question:
6. Why is frontal sinusitis uncommon in young children?
Answer:
Frontal sinuses develop later in childhood.
Question:
7. What is the most common source of pediatric epistaxis?
Answer:
Anterior septum Kiesselbach plexus.
Question:
8. What does unilateral foul smelling nasal discharge suggest?
Answer:
Nasal foreign body.
,Question:
9. What is the most common cause of chronic stridor in infants?
Answer:
Laryngomalacia.
Question:
10. How does laryngomalacia typically present?
Answer:
Inspiratory stridor worse supine or with agitation, improves by 12 months.
Question:
11. Where does conductive hearing loss pathology occur?
Answer:
Outer or middle ear.
Question:
12. ductive hearing loss in children?
Answer:
OME, cerumen impaction, ossicular issues.
Question:
13. What structures are involved in sensorineural hearing loss?
Answer:
Cochlea or auditory nerve.
Question:
14. What is required for sudden sensorineural hearing loss?
Answer:
Urgent ENT referral.
Question:
15. How can OME affect developmental domains?
Answer:
Speech and language development.
Question:
16. What are the risk factors for otitis externa?
Answer:
Swimming, Q-tip use, ear canal trauma, foreign bodies.
Question:
17. What is the classic exam finding of otitis externa?
, Answer:
Pain with tragus or pinna manipulation.
Question:
18. What is the first line treatment for otitis externa?
Answer:
Topical ciprofloxacin dexamethasone drops.
Question:
19. Should oral antibiotics be used for otitis externa?
Answer:
No.
Question:
20. What are the most common pathogens in AOM?
Answer:
Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.
Question:
21. What are the risk factors for AOM?
Answer:
Daycare, tobacco smoke, age under 2, URI, bottle feeding supine.
Question:
22. What is the hallmark otoscopic finding in AOM?
Answer:
Bulging tympanic membrane with effusion.
Question:
23. What defines otitis media with effusion?
Answer:
fection.
Question:
24. Are antibiotics recommended for OME?
Answer:
No.
Question:
25. How long should OME be observed before ENT referral for bilateral effusion?
Answer:
3 months.
Question:
