WEEK 2 - INFANT REFLEXES, MOTOR MILESTONES & DEVELOPMENTAL
THEORIES IN PEDIATRIC OT STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are primitive reflexes?
Answer:
Automatic movement patterns in response to specific touch or position stimuli, essential for
infant survival and early movement.
Question:
2. What is the typical integration timeline for most primitive reflexes?
Answer:
Most integrate between 4 to 8 months as cortical control develops.
Question:
3. What is the significance of muscle tone in infants?
Answer:
Muscle tone indicates readiness in a resting muscle and affects movement range and stability.
Question:
4. What are the two types of muscle tone?
Answer:
High muscle tone (hypertonia) and low muscle tone (hypotonia).
Question:
5. What is the role of the OTA in relation to muscle tone?
Answer:
The OTA assesses and intervenes based on knowledge of muscle tone and balance/equilibrium
responses.
Question:
6. What is the cephalocaudal principle in motor development?
Answer:
Development proceeds from head to tail, meaning head control develops before trunk and leg
control.
Question:
7. What is the proximal to distal principle in motor development?
Answer:
Development proceeds from the center of the body outward, with shoulder stability developing
before hand function.
, Question:
8. What are the gross motor milestones for a 2-month-old?
Answer:
Lifts head against gravity when in a prone position.
Question:
9. What gross motor milestone is achieved by 6 months?
Answer:
Rolls from front to back and pushes up on straight arms when prone.
Question:
10. reflex integration in occupational performance?
Answer:
and occupational performance.
Question:
11. What are the developmental stages from prenatal to adolescence?
Answer:
Prenatal: conception to birth; Infancy: birth to 18 months; Early Childhood: 18 months to ~6
years; Middle Childhood: ~6 to 12 years; Adolescence: ~12 to 18 years.
Question:
12. What does Erikson's theory focus on in childhood development?
Answer:
Fostering a positive sense of meaning at each life stage through sequential personality stages.
Question:
13. How does Bandura's theory apply to pediatric OT?
Answer:
Emphasizes learning through observation and modeling, using demonstration during sessions.
Question:
14. What is the role of the environment in development according to Bronfenbrenner?
Answer:
Child development occurs through interactions with all levels of the ecosystem, necessitating
intervention across various contexts.
Question:
15. What is the significance of the zone of proximal development in Vygotsky's theory?
Answer:
Learning occurs through social experiences and support, with the mediator role guiding
development.
Question:
THEORIES IN PEDIATRIC OT STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are primitive reflexes?
Answer:
Automatic movement patterns in response to specific touch or position stimuli, essential for
infant survival and early movement.
Question:
2. What is the typical integration timeline for most primitive reflexes?
Answer:
Most integrate between 4 to 8 months as cortical control develops.
Question:
3. What is the significance of muscle tone in infants?
Answer:
Muscle tone indicates readiness in a resting muscle and affects movement range and stability.
Question:
4. What are the two types of muscle tone?
Answer:
High muscle tone (hypertonia) and low muscle tone (hypotonia).
Question:
5. What is the role of the OTA in relation to muscle tone?
Answer:
The OTA assesses and intervenes based on knowledge of muscle tone and balance/equilibrium
responses.
Question:
6. What is the cephalocaudal principle in motor development?
Answer:
Development proceeds from head to tail, meaning head control develops before trunk and leg
control.
Question:
7. What is the proximal to distal principle in motor development?
Answer:
Development proceeds from the center of the body outward, with shoulder stability developing
before hand function.
, Question:
8. What are the gross motor milestones for a 2-month-old?
Answer:
Lifts head against gravity when in a prone position.
Question:
9. What gross motor milestone is achieved by 6 months?
Answer:
Rolls from front to back and pushes up on straight arms when prone.
Question:
10. reflex integration in occupational performance?
Answer:
and occupational performance.
Question:
11. What are the developmental stages from prenatal to adolescence?
Answer:
Prenatal: conception to birth; Infancy: birth to 18 months; Early Childhood: 18 months to ~6
years; Middle Childhood: ~6 to 12 years; Adolescence: ~12 to 18 years.
Question:
12. What does Erikson's theory focus on in childhood development?
Answer:
Fostering a positive sense of meaning at each life stage through sequential personality stages.
Question:
13. How does Bandura's theory apply to pediatric OT?
Answer:
Emphasizes learning through observation and modeling, using demonstration during sessions.
Question:
14. What is the role of the environment in development according to Bronfenbrenner?
Answer:
Child development occurs through interactions with all levels of the ecosystem, necessitating
intervention across various contexts.
Question:
15. What is the significance of the zone of proximal development in Vygotsky's theory?
Answer:
Learning occurs through social experiences and support, with the mediator role guiding
development.
Question:
