, C
/
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug catego
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rieswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of dr
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ugs thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are u
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
sually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The curre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nt therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Fig
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a ration
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ale for your answer.
C/ C
/ C/
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug
C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
for thissample.
C / C
/
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sam
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ple? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement resu
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lted in ratio- C/ C/
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & G
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ray,2017; Knapp, 2017).
C
/ C/ C/
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a stud
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
y:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. Less than $50,000
C / C/ C/
b. $50,000 to 59,999
C / C/ C/
c. $60,000 to 69,999
C / C/ C/
d. $70,000 to 80,000
C / C/ C/
e. $80,000 or greater
C / C/ C/
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income cat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ego-
ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ended
AG 1-1 C/
,AG 1-2
C/ AnswerC / GuidelinesC / forC / QuestionsC / toC / BeC / Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categ
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
o-
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be ch
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
angedto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank o
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rdered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Gr
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ed their symp-
C/ C/
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depressi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
on symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
et al., 2017).
C/ C/
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores f
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
or the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
C/ C/ C/ C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
scoresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of dat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importa
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nce of this result.C/ C/ C/
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the g
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
reater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of th
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
esubjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of s
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increase
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
s, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ss, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especial
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ly thosein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated w
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ith an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
whole percent (%). C/ C/
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample inclu
C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/
ded 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/
ac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group frequen
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C / C / C / C / C /
cy ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 1
C / C/ C / C / C / C/ C / C / C / C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
00% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest wh
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of patie
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nts treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated wit
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
h an antidepressant.
C/ C/
9. What was the purpose of the 6-C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6- C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to deter
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
mine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C
/ C
could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statu
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
sof cardiac patients.
C
/ C/ C/
, AnswerC / GuidelinesC / forC / QuestionsC / toC / BeC / Graded AGC/1-3
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurem
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ent for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your ans
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
wer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
measuredwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walkin
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
g, climbing, lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This w
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
as a rating scalewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exerci
C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
se Confidence scaleand the subscales were considered interval-
C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study nar
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rative; Waltz et al., 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/
/
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug catego
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rieswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of dr
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ugs thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are u
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
sually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The curre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nt therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
drug category can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Fig
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a ration
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ale for your answer.
C/ C
/ C/
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug
C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
for thissample.
C / C
/
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sam
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ple? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement resu
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lted in ratio- C/ C/
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & G
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ray,2017; Knapp, 2017).
C
/ C/ C/
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a stud
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
y:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. Less than $50,000
C / C/ C/
b. $50,000 to 59,999
C / C/ C/
c. $60,000 to 69,999
C / C/ C/
d. $70,000 to 80,000
C / C/ C/
e. $80,000 or greater
C / C/ C/
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income cat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ego-
ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ended
AG 1-1 C/
,AG 1-2
C/ AnswerC / GuidelinesC / forC / QuestionsC / toC / BeC / Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since categ
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
o-
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be ch
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
angedto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank o
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rdered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Gr
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ed their symp-
C/ C/
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depressi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
on symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
et al., 2017).
C/ C/
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores f
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
or the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
C/ C/ C/ C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
scoresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of dat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importa
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nce of this result.C/ C/ C/
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the g
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
reater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of th
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
esubjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of s
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ub-
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increase
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
s, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ss, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especial
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ly thosein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated w
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ith an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
whole percent (%). C/ C/
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample inclu
C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/
ded 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/
ac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
C/15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group frequen
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C / C / C / C / C /
cy ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 1
C / C/ C / C / C / C/ C / C / C / C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
00% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest wh
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ole percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of patie
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nts treated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated wit
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
h an antidepressant.
C/ C/
9. What was the purpose of the 6-C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6- C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to deter
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
mine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C/C/ C
/ C
could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statu
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
sof cardiac patients.
C
/ C/ C/
, AnswerC / GuidelinesC / forC / QuestionsC / toC / BeC / Graded AGC/1-3
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurem
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ent for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your ans
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
wer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
measuredwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walkin
C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
g, climbing, lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This w
C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
as a rating scalewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exerci
C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
se Confidence scaleand the subscales were considered interval-
C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study nar
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rative; Waltz et al., 2017).
C/ C/ C/ C/
