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UTMB Advanced Pathophysiology
5355 Exam 3 With Verified Answers
2026
Tyrosine is found in - correct-answer-all proteins, artificial sweeteners
Failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine - correct-answer-can cause cognitive
disabilities, seizures
Myasthenia gravis patho - correct-answer-patho includes antibodies that attach
to receptor sites and block the binding of acetylcholine causing atrophy of
muscles and decrease use
Attention defecit disorder - correct-answer-excessive frontal lobe activity
resulting in frontal lobe dysfunction (hyperactivity)
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Triad of symptoms for ADHD - correct-answer-inattentiveness, impulsivity,
hyperactivity, multimodal regimen needs to be considered
Dementia characteristics - correct-answer-is an acquired impairment of
intellectual function, memory and language with alteration in behavior and can be
caused by trauma, vascular disease, infection and progressive neurodegeneration.
AD is most common chronic irreversible dementia
Delirium characteristics - correct-answer-acute confusional state, transient
disorders of awareness that have sudden or gradual onset can be caused by
alcohol or drugs, withdrawal from, metabolic disorders, trauma, anesthesia,
fever/heatstroke, electrolyte imbalance, organ failure
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Migraine Headaches - correct-answer-a common, multifactorial, disabling,
recurrent and hereditary neurovascular headache disorders. can begin with auras.
usually unilateral and pulsating
auras - correct-answer-transient focal neurological symptoms whose origin is
though to involve the hypothalamus, brainstem and cortex
Migraines are - correct-answer-an inflammatory process. The MAIN POINTS are
that there are likely alterations in serotonin and other neurotransmitters,
neurologic, vascular (inflammation) and hormonal components (estrogen).
Neurovascular Hypothesis - correct-answer-A trigger alters a specific area of the
brain stem called the locus ceruleus and triggers release of serotonin into the
trigeminal vascular tree. Not all patients are able to identify a trigger. Those
commonly identified include lack of sleep, stress, hormonal changes, physical
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exertion, weather changes or certain foods (most commonly wine caffeine,
monosodium glutamate, nitrates, and artificial sweeteners).
Perivascular inflammatory process - correct-answer-Pain sensors in the
ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve become active and release
neuropeptides that cause dilation of blood vessels. This produces even more
nerve irritation. The inflammatory response and distended blood vessels
stimulate the trigeminal nerve; producing pain long after the trigger is gone.
Menstrual migraines are thought to be triggered by changes in estrogen levels -
correct-answer-Estrogen levels rise after ovulation. Falling levels of estrogen
during the premenstrual period may trigger the onset of migraine.
Process of neurotransmitter transmission between two neurons - correct-answer-
1)action potentials arrive at axon terminal
UTMB Advanced Pathophysiology
5355 Exam 3 With Verified Answers
2026
Tyrosine is found in - correct-answer-all proteins, artificial sweeteners
Failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine - correct-answer-can cause cognitive
disabilities, seizures
Myasthenia gravis patho - correct-answer-patho includes antibodies that attach
to receptor sites and block the binding of acetylcholine causing atrophy of
muscles and decrease use
Attention defecit disorder - correct-answer-excessive frontal lobe activity
resulting in frontal lobe dysfunction (hyperactivity)
,2|Page
Triad of symptoms for ADHD - correct-answer-inattentiveness, impulsivity,
hyperactivity, multimodal regimen needs to be considered
Dementia characteristics - correct-answer-is an acquired impairment of
intellectual function, memory and language with alteration in behavior and can be
caused by trauma, vascular disease, infection and progressive neurodegeneration.
AD is most common chronic irreversible dementia
Delirium characteristics - correct-answer-acute confusional state, transient
disorders of awareness that have sudden or gradual onset can be caused by
alcohol or drugs, withdrawal from, metabolic disorders, trauma, anesthesia,
fever/heatstroke, electrolyte imbalance, organ failure
,3|Page
Migraine Headaches - correct-answer-a common, multifactorial, disabling,
recurrent and hereditary neurovascular headache disorders. can begin with auras.
usually unilateral and pulsating
auras - correct-answer-transient focal neurological symptoms whose origin is
though to involve the hypothalamus, brainstem and cortex
Migraines are - correct-answer-an inflammatory process. The MAIN POINTS are
that there are likely alterations in serotonin and other neurotransmitters,
neurologic, vascular (inflammation) and hormonal components (estrogen).
Neurovascular Hypothesis - correct-answer-A trigger alters a specific area of the
brain stem called the locus ceruleus and triggers release of serotonin into the
trigeminal vascular tree. Not all patients are able to identify a trigger. Those
commonly identified include lack of sleep, stress, hormonal changes, physical
, 4|Page
exertion, weather changes or certain foods (most commonly wine caffeine,
monosodium glutamate, nitrates, and artificial sweeteners).
Perivascular inflammatory process - correct-answer-Pain sensors in the
ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve become active and release
neuropeptides that cause dilation of blood vessels. This produces even more
nerve irritation. The inflammatory response and distended blood vessels
stimulate the trigeminal nerve; producing pain long after the trigger is gone.
Menstrual migraines are thought to be triggered by changes in estrogen levels -
correct-answer-Estrogen levels rise after ovulation. Falling levels of estrogen
during the premenstrual period may trigger the onset of migraine.
Process of neurotransmitter transmission between two neurons - correct-answer-
1)action potentials arrive at axon terminal
