HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
human developmemt - Correct Answers -a field of study devoted to understanding
constancy and change throughout the llifespan
theory - Correct Answers -an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes,
explains, and predicts behavior
continuous development - Correct Answers -a process of gradually augmenting the
same types of skills that were there to begin with
discontinuous development - Correct Answers -a process in which new and different
ways of interpreting and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods
stages - Correct Answers -qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that
characterize specifice periods of development
contexts - Correct Answers -Unique combinations of personal and environmental
circumstances that can result in different paths of change.
nature-nurture controversy - Correct Answers -inborn biological givens vs. complex
forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and
psychological experiences before and after birth
life expectancy - Correct Answers -The average number of years an individual can be
expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life
expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
lifespan perspective - Correct Answers -(1) development as lifelong (2) development as
multidimensional and multidirectional (3) development as highly plastic (4) development
as embedded in multiple contexts
age-graded influences - Correct Answers -events that are strongly related to age and
therefore fairly predictable in whwen they occur and how long they last
history-graded influences - Correct Answers -forces unique to a particular historic era
that explain why people born around the same time tend to be alike in ways that set
them apart from people born at other times
, preformationism - Correct Answers -in medieval Europe once children emerged from
infancy ther were regarded as miniature already-formed adults
John Locke - Correct Answers -"tabula rasa" (blank slate) children in the beginning are
nothing at all and all kinds of experiences can shape their character. Nurture to shape a
child
Jean Jacques Rousseau - Correct Answers -children were noble savages, naturally
endowed with a sense of right and wrong. Adult training would only harm children.
Tetens - Correct Answers -older people can compensate for intellectual declines that, at
times, may reflect hidden gains
Carus - Correct Answers -four periods of life: childhood, youth, adulthood, senescence
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -natural selection and survival of the fittest
normative approach - Correct Answers -measures of behaviour are taken on large
numbers of individuals, age-related averages are computed to represent typical
development
Alfred Binet - Correct Answers -first successful intelligence test (Stanford-Binet
Intelligence Scale)
Freud - Correct Answers -Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application
of psychoanalysis to child therapy.
id - Correct Answers -largest portion of the mind; basic biological needs and desires
ego - Correct Answers -conscious, rational part ofo personality; emerges in early
infancy, ensures that the id is redirected property
superego - Correct Answers -conscience; develops from interaction with parents
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of
development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is
marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Jean Piaget - Correct Answers -1896-1980; swiss developmental psychologist who
proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental
operations
ethology - Correct Answers -concerned with adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and
its evolutionary history
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
human developmemt - Correct Answers -a field of study devoted to understanding
constancy and change throughout the llifespan
theory - Correct Answers -an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes,
explains, and predicts behavior
continuous development - Correct Answers -a process of gradually augmenting the
same types of skills that were there to begin with
discontinuous development - Correct Answers -a process in which new and different
ways of interpreting and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods
stages - Correct Answers -qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that
characterize specifice periods of development
contexts - Correct Answers -Unique combinations of personal and environmental
circumstances that can result in different paths of change.
nature-nurture controversy - Correct Answers -inborn biological givens vs. complex
forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and
psychological experiences before and after birth
life expectancy - Correct Answers -The average number of years an individual can be
expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life
expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
lifespan perspective - Correct Answers -(1) development as lifelong (2) development as
multidimensional and multidirectional (3) development as highly plastic (4) development
as embedded in multiple contexts
age-graded influences - Correct Answers -events that are strongly related to age and
therefore fairly predictable in whwen they occur and how long they last
history-graded influences - Correct Answers -forces unique to a particular historic era
that explain why people born around the same time tend to be alike in ways that set
them apart from people born at other times
, preformationism - Correct Answers -in medieval Europe once children emerged from
infancy ther were regarded as miniature already-formed adults
John Locke - Correct Answers -"tabula rasa" (blank slate) children in the beginning are
nothing at all and all kinds of experiences can shape their character. Nurture to shape a
child
Jean Jacques Rousseau - Correct Answers -children were noble savages, naturally
endowed with a sense of right and wrong. Adult training would only harm children.
Tetens - Correct Answers -older people can compensate for intellectual declines that, at
times, may reflect hidden gains
Carus - Correct Answers -four periods of life: childhood, youth, adulthood, senescence
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -natural selection and survival of the fittest
normative approach - Correct Answers -measures of behaviour are taken on large
numbers of individuals, age-related averages are computed to represent typical
development
Alfred Binet - Correct Answers -first successful intelligence test (Stanford-Binet
Intelligence Scale)
Freud - Correct Answers -Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application
of psychoanalysis to child therapy.
id - Correct Answers -largest portion of the mind; basic biological needs and desires
ego - Correct Answers -conscious, rational part ofo personality; emerges in early
infancy, ensures that the id is redirected property
superego - Correct Answers -conscience; develops from interaction with parents
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of
development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is
marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Jean Piaget - Correct Answers -1896-1980; swiss developmental psychologist who
proposed a four-stage theory of cognitive development based on the concept of mental
operations
ethology - Correct Answers -concerned with adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and
its evolutionary history
