CH-01_Test_Bank

Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. can only be found growing in laboratories. B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. C. are infectious particles. D. lack a cell nucleus. E. cause human disease. 2. Which of the following are not considered microorganisms? A. Fungi B. Protozoa C. Viruses D. Bacteria E.Mosquitoes 3. Helminths are ______. A. molds B.parasitic worms C. bacteria D. protozoa E. infectious particles 4. Among the types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular. A. protozoans B. bacteria C.viruses D. helminths *The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. 5. Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a(n) ______. A. hypersensitivity specialist B.immunologist C. geomicrobiologist D. epidemiologist Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. 6. Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched? A. Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab B. Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic C. Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease D. Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. 7. A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) ______. A. astrobiologist B. epidemiologist C. geomicrobiologist D. immunologist Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). 8. Astrobiology is considered a sub-discipline of microbiology because A. life elsewhere in the universe is likely to be microbial. B. microbes are known to exist on other planets. C. all extraterrestrials known are microbial. D. only microbes can reproduce under the extreme conditions in outer space. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. 9. Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? A. Decomposition of dead matter and wastes B. Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets C. Formation of greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane D. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. 10. The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called ______. A. fermenters B. eukaryotes C. decomposers D. pathogens E. prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). 11. The majority of oxygen in earth's atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______. A. rain forests B. microorganisms C. green plants D. agricultural lands 12. The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. A. cells with a true nucleus B. the last universal common ancestor C. photosynthetic bacteria D. archaea 13. The first cells appeared about ___ billion years ago. A. 5 B. 4.5 C. 3.5 D. 2 E. 1 14. A hypothesis must be tested many times before it can be considered a theory. TRUE Ability to apply the process of science: Demonstrate an ability to formulate hypotheses and design experiments based on the scientific method. 15. Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time? A. Evolution B. Morphology C. Phylogeny D. Genetics E. Transformation The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. 16. When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called ______.