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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (10th Edition,
Taylor, Lynn & Bartlett) — COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE
CHAPTERS 1–47 | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 |
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NCLEX & CLINICAL JUDGMENT REVIEW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT I: FOUNDATIONS OF THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED NURSING PRACTICE (Chapters 1–10)
1. Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
2. Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
3. Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities
4. Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
5. Culturally Respectful Care
6. Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
7. Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
8. Communication
9. Teaching and Counseling
10. Leading, Managing, and Delegating
UNIT II: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY (Chapters 11–12)
11. The Health Care Delivery System
12. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice and Care Coordination Across Settings
UNIT III: PROCESSES OF PERSON-CENTERED CARE (Chapters 13–21)
13. Blended Competencies, Clinical Reasoning, and Processes of Person-Centered Care
14. Clinical Judgment
15. Assessing
16. Diagnosing
17. Outcome Identification and Planning
18. Implementing
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19. Evaluating
20. Documenting and Reporting
21. Informatics and Health Care Technologies
UNIT IV: DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE CARE (Chapters 22–24)
22. Developmental Concepts
23. Conception Through Young Adulthood
24. Middle and Older Adulthood
UNIT V: ACTIONS BASIC TO NURSING CARE (Chapters 25–31)
25. Asepsis and Infection Control
26. Vital Signs
27. Health Assessment
28. Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
29. Complementary and Alternative Therapies
30. Medications
31. Perioperative Nursing
UNIT VI: PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES (Chapters 32–43)
32. Hygiene
33. Skin Integrity and Wound Care
34. Activity
35. Rest and Sleep
36. Comfort and Pain Management
37. Nutrition
38. Urinary Elimination
39. Bowel Elimination
40. Oxygenation
41. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
42. Sensory Perception
43. Self-Concept
UNIT VII: PROMOTING HEALTHY PSYCHOSOCIAL RESPONSES (Chapters 44–47)
44. Stress and Adaptation
45. Loss, Grief, and Dying
46. Spirituality
47. Sexuality
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UNIT I: FOUNDATIONS OF THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED NURSING
PRACTICE
Question 1: A nurse is applying the principles of person-centered care when developing a
plan of care for an older adult client. Which action best demonstrates this philosophy?
A) Following the standardized hospital clinical pathway for postoperative care without
deviation
B) Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery goals and preferences
C) Prioritizing institutional routines over personal schedules to ensure staff efficiency
D) Limiting communication to direct medical updates delivered strictly to the primary
physician
Correct Answer: B) Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery goals
and preferences
Person-centered care focuses on the individual as the center of practice, respecting their
values, preferences, and expressed needs, and actively involving them and their support
systems in care decisions .
Question 2: A newly licensed nurse is reviewing the historical evolution of nursing. The
nurse correctly identifies which figure as the pioneer who defined nursing as both an art and a
science, established modern nursing education, and emphasized sanitary conditions?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as an art and a science, elevated nursing to a respected
occupation, founded modern nursing education, and stressed the critical role of
environmental sanitation in patient recovery .
Question 3: A nurse is utilizing the nursing process to deliver care. Which of the following
represents the correct sequential steps of this problem-solving framework?
A) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B) Diagnosis, Assessment, Implementation, Planning, Evaluation
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C) Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation
D) Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
The nursing process consists of five distinct, interrelated steps: Assessment (gathering data),
Diagnosis (identifying client problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (executing the plan), and Evaluation (assessing outcomes) .
Question 4: A nurse is performing a focused health assessment on a newly admitted client.
Which type of data represents subjective data collected during the interview?
A) Blood pressure reading of 130/82 mm Hg
B) Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower abdomen."
C) Observed visible skin pallor and diaphoresis
D) Laboratory report showing a hemoglobin level of 11.2 g/dL
Correct Answer: B) Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower
abdomen."
Subjective data, or symptoms, consist of information perceived and reported by the client
(such as feelings, perceptions, and pain descriptions). Blood pressure, pallor, and lab values
are objective data (signs) observed or measured by the clinician .
Question 5: A nurse is reviewing the code of ethics for nurses established by the American
Nurses Association (ANA). A nurse who advocates for a vulnerable client's right to refuse a
recommended treatment is demonstrating which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Fidelity
Correct Answer: B) Autonomy
Autonomy respects the patient's right to make decisions about their own care, including the
right to refuse treatment, provided they have decision-making capacity .
Question 6: A nurse is practicing within the framework of the ANA Scope and Standards of
Practice. Which action best demonstrates the foundational standard of "Implementation"?
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (10th Edition,
Taylor, Lynn & Bartlett) — COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE
CHAPTERS 1–47 | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 |
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NCLEX & CLINICAL JUDGMENT REVIEW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT I: FOUNDATIONS OF THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED NURSING PRACTICE (Chapters 1–10)
1. Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
2. Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
3. Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities
4. Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
5. Culturally Respectful Care
6. Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
7. Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
8. Communication
9. Teaching and Counseling
10. Leading, Managing, and Delegating
UNIT II: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY (Chapters 11–12)
11. The Health Care Delivery System
12. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice and Care Coordination Across Settings
UNIT III: PROCESSES OF PERSON-CENTERED CARE (Chapters 13–21)
13. Blended Competencies, Clinical Reasoning, and Processes of Person-Centered Care
14. Clinical Judgment
15. Assessing
16. Diagnosing
17. Outcome Identification and Planning
18. Implementing
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19. Evaluating
20. Documenting and Reporting
21. Informatics and Health Care Technologies
UNIT IV: DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE CARE (Chapters 22–24)
22. Developmental Concepts
23. Conception Through Young Adulthood
24. Middle and Older Adulthood
UNIT V: ACTIONS BASIC TO NURSING CARE (Chapters 25–31)
25. Asepsis and Infection Control
26. Vital Signs
27. Health Assessment
28. Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
29. Complementary and Alternative Therapies
30. Medications
31. Perioperative Nursing
UNIT VI: PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES (Chapters 32–43)
32. Hygiene
33. Skin Integrity and Wound Care
34. Activity
35. Rest and Sleep
36. Comfort and Pain Management
37. Nutrition
38. Urinary Elimination
39. Bowel Elimination
40. Oxygenation
41. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
42. Sensory Perception
43. Self-Concept
UNIT VII: PROMOTING HEALTHY PSYCHOSOCIAL RESPONSES (Chapters 44–47)
44. Stress and Adaptation
45. Loss, Grief, and Dying
46. Spirituality
47. Sexuality
, Page |3
UNIT I: FOUNDATIONS OF THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED NURSING
PRACTICE
Question 1: A nurse is applying the principles of person-centered care when developing a
plan of care for an older adult client. Which action best demonstrates this philosophy?
A) Following the standardized hospital clinical pathway for postoperative care without
deviation
B) Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery goals and preferences
C) Prioritizing institutional routines over personal schedules to ensure staff efficiency
D) Limiting communication to direct medical updates delivered strictly to the primary
physician
Correct Answer: B) Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery goals
and preferences
Person-centered care focuses on the individual as the center of practice, respecting their
values, preferences, and expressed needs, and actively involving them and their support
systems in care decisions .
Question 2: A newly licensed nurse is reviewing the historical evolution of nursing. The
nurse correctly identifies which figure as the pioneer who defined nursing as both an art and a
science, established modern nursing education, and emphasized sanitary conditions?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as an art and a science, elevated nursing to a respected
occupation, founded modern nursing education, and stressed the critical role of
environmental sanitation in patient recovery .
Question 3: A nurse is utilizing the nursing process to deliver care. Which of the following
represents the correct sequential steps of this problem-solving framework?
A) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B) Diagnosis, Assessment, Implementation, Planning, Evaluation
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C) Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation
D) Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
The nursing process consists of five distinct, interrelated steps: Assessment (gathering data),
Diagnosis (identifying client problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (executing the plan), and Evaluation (assessing outcomes) .
Question 4: A nurse is performing a focused health assessment on a newly admitted client.
Which type of data represents subjective data collected during the interview?
A) Blood pressure reading of 130/82 mm Hg
B) Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower abdomen."
C) Observed visible skin pallor and diaphoresis
D) Laboratory report showing a hemoglobin level of 11.2 g/dL
Correct Answer: B) Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower
abdomen."
Subjective data, or symptoms, consist of information perceived and reported by the client
(such as feelings, perceptions, and pain descriptions). Blood pressure, pallor, and lab values
are objective data (signs) observed or measured by the clinician .
Question 5: A nurse is reviewing the code of ethics for nurses established by the American
Nurses Association (ANA). A nurse who advocates for a vulnerable client's right to refuse a
recommended treatment is demonstrating which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Fidelity
Correct Answer: B) Autonomy
Autonomy respects the patient's right to make decisions about their own care, including the
right to refuse treatment, provided they have decision-making capacity .
Question 6: A nurse is practicing within the framework of the ANA Scope and Standards of
Practice. Which action best demonstrates the foundational standard of "Implementation"?
