BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Which are considered stages of the general adaptation
syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above
Answer: D
◉ Which of the following physiological processes would be
considered a positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior
pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute
ruptures in very small blood vessels during accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response
to a microorganism
Answer: C
,◉ This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of
receiving information form the environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
C. Effector
D. Comparator
Answer: B
◉ A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of
sufferers to perform their activities of daily living and is a
significant cause of decreased quality of life. However, few people
die as a result of the disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of
thousands of Americans living with the disease but relatively few
new cases in recent years. Which of the following statements best
conveys an accurate epidemiological characterization of the
disease?
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence
Answer: D
◉ Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic
visit for a routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When
interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
,A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the
bell curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is
considered elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not
mean the person is disease free.
Answer: A
◉ A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a
medical unit of a large, university hospital. The physician is
discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases
that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a
transfusion of packed red blood cells
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke
resulting from familial hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis
requiring oxygen therapy and chest physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive.
Answer: D
, ◉ A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for
exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for
the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's
current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when
lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower
lung fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
Answer: B
◉ A male international business traveler has returned from a trip
to Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship
and engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion.
Unbeknownst to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C
virus. Upon return to the United States, he exhibited no symptoms
and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no
outward symptoms, the man would be classified as being in
A. the preclinical stage of disease.
B. remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C.
C. the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
D. the chronic phase of hepatitis C.
Answer: A
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Which are considered stages of the general adaptation
syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. all of the above
Answer: D
◉ Which of the following physiological processes would be
considered a positive feedback mechanism?
A. The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior
pituitary gland
B. Shivering in response to low environmental temperature
C. The platelet aggregation mechanism for closing minute
ruptures in very small blood vessels during accidental injury
D. Increased production of white blood cells (WBCs) in response
to a microorganism
Answer: C
,◉ This component of the homeostatic mechanism is in charge of
receiving information form the environment:
A. Integrator
B. Sensor
C. Effector
D. Comparator
Answer: B
◉ A particular disease has a debilitating effect on the ability of
sufferers to perform their activities of daily living and is a
significant cause of decreased quality of life. However, few people
die as a result of the disease's direct effects. There are hundreds of
thousands of Americans living with the disease but relatively few
new cases in recent years. Which of the following statements best
conveys an accurate epidemiological characterization of the
disease?
A. Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B. Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C. High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D. High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence, low incidence
Answer: D
◉ Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic
visit for a routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When
interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
,A. a normal value represents the test results that fall within the
bell curve.
B. if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is
considered elevated.
C. all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D. if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not
mean the person is disease free.
Answer: A
◉ A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a
medical unit of a large, university hospital. The physician is
discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases
that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A. A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a
transfusion of packed red blood cells
B. A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke
resulting from familial hypercholesterolemia
C. A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis
requiring oxygen therapy and chest physiotherapy
D. A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive.
Answer: D
, ◉ A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for
exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for
the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's
current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign?
A. The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B. The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when
lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower
lung fields bilaterally.
D. The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
Answer: B
◉ A male international business traveler has returned from a trip
to Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship
and engaged in unprotected sex on more than one occasion.
Unbeknownst to him, this prostitute harbored the hepatitis C
virus. Upon return to the United States, he exhibited no symptoms
and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no
outward symptoms, the man would be classified as being in
A. the preclinical stage of disease.
B. remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C.
C. the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
D. the chronic phase of hepatitis C.
Answer: A
