A-LEVEL POLITICS: UK POLITICS 2026 STUDY GUIDE | KEY
TOPICS, POLITICAL PARTIES, ELECTIONS & DEMOCRACY
policies/ actions of new labour
- huge increase in expenditure on the NHS
- similarly large investments on education, especially early years education
- reductions in corporation tax to encourage enterprise
- an extensive programme of constitutional reform including the human rights act, devolution,
freedom of information act and electoral reforms in deluded administrations
-encouraging employment by introducing "welfare to work" system
- through tax and the welfare system, various policies to reduce poverty were introduced,
especially child poverty and pensioner poverty
constitutional reform
the means by which changes are made to the way that the UK is governed. It can include
devolution, reform to the House of Lords and changes to the way the judiciary works.
class conflict
the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and
desires between people of different classes.
socialism
,a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of
production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a
whole.
capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by
private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
communism
a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and
each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
individualism
a social theory favouring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
equality of opportunity
a political ideal that is opposed to caste hierarchy but not to hierarchy per se. The background
assumption is that a society contains a hierarchy of more and less desirable, superior and
inferior positions
communitarianism
, a theory or system of social organization based on small self-governing communities. an
ideology which emphasises the responsibility of the individual to the community and the social
importance of the family unit.
constituency
an area whose voters elect a representative to a legislative body.
liberalism
A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.
principles of one nation conservatism
Noblesse oblige; paternalism
"new right" conservative policies
Harsher punishments; Troubled families
"left-wing" labour policies
Free internet connections.
core values of liberalism
Freedom; seperation of powers; legitimacy through democracy
TOPICS, POLITICAL PARTIES, ELECTIONS & DEMOCRACY
policies/ actions of new labour
- huge increase in expenditure on the NHS
- similarly large investments on education, especially early years education
- reductions in corporation tax to encourage enterprise
- an extensive programme of constitutional reform including the human rights act, devolution,
freedom of information act and electoral reforms in deluded administrations
-encouraging employment by introducing "welfare to work" system
- through tax and the welfare system, various policies to reduce poverty were introduced,
especially child poverty and pensioner poverty
constitutional reform
the means by which changes are made to the way that the UK is governed. It can include
devolution, reform to the House of Lords and changes to the way the judiciary works.
class conflict
the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and
desires between people of different classes.
socialism
,a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of
production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a
whole.
capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by
private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
communism
a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and
each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
individualism
a social theory favouring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
equality of opportunity
a political ideal that is opposed to caste hierarchy but not to hierarchy per se. The background
assumption is that a society contains a hierarchy of more and less desirable, superior and
inferior positions
communitarianism
, a theory or system of social organization based on small self-governing communities. an
ideology which emphasises the responsibility of the individual to the community and the social
importance of the family unit.
constituency
an area whose voters elect a representative to a legislative body.
liberalism
A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.
principles of one nation conservatism
Noblesse oblige; paternalism
"new right" conservative policies
Harsher punishments; Troubled families
"left-wing" labour policies
Free internet connections.
core values of liberalism
Freedom; seperation of powers; legitimacy through democracy
