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NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final
Exam Study Guide 2026|High Quality
Q&A
Bronchodilators - correct-answer-Relax smooth muscle in lungs, prevent bronchi
spasms, make it easier for air to move. Include the following drug classes: long
acting beta 2 agonists, short acting beta 2 agonists, xanthine derivatives, and
anticholinergics (muscarinic agonists or LAMAs)
Anti-inflammatory agents for respiratory disease - correct-answer-Decrease
inflammatory mechanisms in the airway. Include medications such as inhaled and
systemic glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, mast cell stabilizers,
and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.
Inhalation Devices - correct-answer-Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)- pressurized
device that delivers a measured dose of the drug with each actuation; activated
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by breath so must have hand/breath coordination. Begin inhaling before
activation the device. Spacer can help with drug delivery and hand/breath
coordination
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs)- need quick, deep breath. Difficult to use for patients
with advanced disease.
Nebulizers- take a long time.
Soft mist inhalers - longer, slower delivery of a fine mist. Activated by user .
Ipatropium - correct-answer-anticholinergic muscarinic antagonist used to treat
COPD. Bronchodilator. Can be used off label for asthma. Can be combined with a
beta 2 agonists because the two medications promote bronchodilation via
different mechanisms.
Ipatropium adverse effects - correct-answer-paradoxic acute bronchospam,
cough hoarseness, throat irritation
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Monoclonal antibodies - correct-answer-Manage airway inflammation;
specifically, antagonist of IgE or interleukin receptors.
Monoclonal antibodies indications - correct-answer-For allergic asthma not
responsive to glucocorticoids.
How are monoclonal antibodies administered? - correct-answer-SubQ
Example of a monoclonal antibody for asthma - correct-answer-Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibodies black box warning - correct-answer-Anaphylaxis may
occur at any time during treatment. Carry an epi pen.
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Bronchodilators MOA - correct-answer-Symptomatic relief for asthma and copd .
First line treatment for asthma.
Most effective bronchodilator - correct-answer-Beta2 agonists
Beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-albuterol, salmeterol
short acting beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-albuterol, levalbuterol
As needed for attacks. Can be used prior to exercise to prevent an attack.
long acting beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-Salmeterol
Formoterol
For patients with frequent asthma attacks (combined with a glucocorticoids). Can
be used alone for stable COPD
NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final
Exam Study Guide 2026|High Quality
Q&A
Bronchodilators - correct-answer-Relax smooth muscle in lungs, prevent bronchi
spasms, make it easier for air to move. Include the following drug classes: long
acting beta 2 agonists, short acting beta 2 agonists, xanthine derivatives, and
anticholinergics (muscarinic agonists or LAMAs)
Anti-inflammatory agents for respiratory disease - correct-answer-Decrease
inflammatory mechanisms in the airway. Include medications such as inhaled and
systemic glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, mast cell stabilizers,
and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.
Inhalation Devices - correct-answer-Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)- pressurized
device that delivers a measured dose of the drug with each actuation; activated
,2|Page
by breath so must have hand/breath coordination. Begin inhaling before
activation the device. Spacer can help with drug delivery and hand/breath
coordination
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs)- need quick, deep breath. Difficult to use for patients
with advanced disease.
Nebulizers- take a long time.
Soft mist inhalers - longer, slower delivery of a fine mist. Activated by user .
Ipatropium - correct-answer-anticholinergic muscarinic antagonist used to treat
COPD. Bronchodilator. Can be used off label for asthma. Can be combined with a
beta 2 agonists because the two medications promote bronchodilation via
different mechanisms.
Ipatropium adverse effects - correct-answer-paradoxic acute bronchospam,
cough hoarseness, throat irritation
,3|Page
Monoclonal antibodies - correct-answer-Manage airway inflammation;
specifically, antagonist of IgE or interleukin receptors.
Monoclonal antibodies indications - correct-answer-For allergic asthma not
responsive to glucocorticoids.
How are monoclonal antibodies administered? - correct-answer-SubQ
Example of a monoclonal antibody for asthma - correct-answer-Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibodies black box warning - correct-answer-Anaphylaxis may
occur at any time during treatment. Carry an epi pen.
, 4|Page
Bronchodilators MOA - correct-answer-Symptomatic relief for asthma and copd .
First line treatment for asthma.
Most effective bronchodilator - correct-answer-Beta2 agonists
Beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-albuterol, salmeterol
short acting beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-albuterol, levalbuterol
As needed for attacks. Can be used prior to exercise to prevent an attack.
long acting beta 2 agonists - correct-answer-Salmeterol
Formoterol
For patients with frequent asthma attacks (combined with a glucocorticoids). Can
be used alone for stable COPD
