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OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test
Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
1. A nurse reviews screening bloodwork with a 74-year-old patient who presents to a primary
care clinic for a routine wellness exam. A complete metabolic panel shows normal fasting
glucose level at 76, normal sodium at 135, normal potassium at 4.2, and normal creatinine
at 1.1. The nurse understands that the patient is in what state of physiologic balance?
A. hypernatremia
B. homeostasis*
C. external imbalance
D. hypokalemia
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 2.3e
2. Which term is used when referring to a substance that is dissolved in a solution?
A. solvent
B. dissolvable
C. solute*
D. electrolyte
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Remember
AACN: 1.2a
3. A nurse is assessing a patient with a joint effusion in the knee. What type of fluid is the
nurse evaluating?
A. intracellular
B. transcellular*
C. interstitial
D. intravascular
LO: 20.1.1
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OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 1.2a; 1.3a
4. A nurse is admitting a 94-year-old patient with dementia who has a four-day history of
diarrhea. The nurse notes that the patient’s lips are dry and cracked, and the patient’s skin
has significantly diminished skin turgor. The nurse is concerned about which fluid
imbalance?
A. edema
B. normal fluid volume
C. fluid volume overload
D. fluid volume deficit*
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 2.3e
5. A nurse is caring for a geriatric patient evaluated after a fall in a nursing home. The patient
is nauseated and reports a severe headache. The nurse notes that the serum sodium level is
125, and the patient is hypotensive. What immediate action should the nurse take?
A. administer sodium tablets
B. report the hypokalemia to the healthcare provider
C. report the hyponatremia to the healthcare provider*
D. treat the patient with a pain medication for the headache
LO: 20.1.2
Difficulty: Difficult
Blooms: Analyze
AACN: 2.3e
6. A nurse takes the vital signs of an 85-year-old patient with recent weight loss, fatigue, and
prolonged immobility. While checking the patient’s blood pressure, the nurse notices an
involuntary hand spasm that is concerning for Trousseau’s sign. The nurse understands this
may be a sign of which electrolyte abnormality?
A. hypocalcemia*
B. hyponatremia
C. hyperkalemia
D. hypermagnesemia
LO: 20.1.3
Difficulty: Moderate
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OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test
Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
1. A nurse reviews screening bloodwork with a 74-year-old patient who presents to a primary
care clinic for a routine wellness exam. A complete metabolic panel shows normal fasting
glucose level at 76, normal sodium at 135, normal potassium at 4.2, and normal creatinine
at 1.1. The nurse understands that the patient is in what state of physiologic balance?
A. hypernatremia
B. homeostasis*
C. external imbalance
D. hypokalemia
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 2.3e
2. Which term is used when referring to a substance that is dissolved in a solution?
A. solvent
B. dissolvable
C. solute*
D. electrolyte
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Remember
AACN: 1.2a
3. A nurse is assessing a patient with a joint effusion in the knee. What type of fluid is the
nurse evaluating?
A. intracellular
B. transcellular*
C. interstitial
D. intravascular
LO: 20.1.1
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
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OpenStax Nursing Fundamentals Test Bank
Chapter 20: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 1.2a; 1.3a
4. A nurse is admitting a 94-year-old patient with dementia who has a four-day history of
diarrhea. The nurse notes that the patient’s lips are dry and cracked, and the patient’s skin
has significantly diminished skin turgor. The nurse is concerned about which fluid
imbalance?
A. edema
B. normal fluid volume
C. fluid volume overload
D. fluid volume deficit*
LO: 20.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Blooms: Apply
AACN: 2.3e
5. A nurse is caring for a geriatric patient evaluated after a fall in a nursing home. The patient
is nauseated and reports a severe headache. The nurse notes that the serum sodium level is
125, and the patient is hypotensive. What immediate action should the nurse take?
A. administer sodium tablets
B. report the hypokalemia to the healthcare provider
C. report the hyponatremia to the healthcare provider*
D. treat the patient with a pain medication for the headache
LO: 20.1.2
Difficulty: Difficult
Blooms: Analyze
AACN: 2.3e
6. A nurse takes the vital signs of an 85-year-old patient with recent weight loss, fatigue, and
prolonged immobility. While checking the patient’s blood pressure, the nurse notices an
involuntary hand spasm that is concerning for Trousseau’s sign. The nurse understands this
may be a sign of which electrolyte abnormality?
A. hypocalcemia*
B. hyponatremia
C. hyperkalemia
D. hypermagnesemia
LO: 20.1.3
Difficulty: Moderate
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
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