AP WORLD HISTORY: MODERN Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
1. Which of the following was an experience shared by the African leaders Nelson Mandela, Robert Mugabe, Jomo
Kenyatta, and Kwame Nkrumah during the colonial period?
(A) They studied at Soviet universities.
(B) They were held as political prisoners.
(C) They served in a colonial army.
(D) They were Muslims.
(E) They originally came from French colonies.
2. Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?
(A) Most African colonies gained national independence.
(B) The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that most African states found divisive.
(C) Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
(D) There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states.
(E) Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.
3. Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?
(A) Postcolonial conquests of one African state by another
(B) Fragmentation of countries after they achieved independence from Europe
(C) Decisions by European powers during the process of colonization
(D) Precolonial linguistic groupings
(E) International agreements mediated by the United Nations
AP World History: Modern Page 1 of 64
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
Advertisement by Aeroflot, a Soviet State-Owned Commercial Airline.
The Advertisement Was Used in the Soviet Union During the 1950s.
Shawshots/ Alamy Stock Photo
The image shows a commercial jetliner flying over major landmarks from America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
4. In addition to its main use as advertising material, the image was most likely also intended to
(A) show the Soviet Union’s rise as a major technological power
(B) demonstrate Soviet support for communist parties in Western European countries
(C) encourage improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
(D) facilitate the spread of communist ideas in East and Southeast Asia
Answer A
Correct. The advertisement’s depiction of a speeding jet aircraft was designed to show the Soviet
Union’s ability to compete with American and European technological capabilities.
Page 2 of 64 AP World History: Modern
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
“It was my privilege to attend the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana. The conference was significant because
it brought together the most representative gathering of African leaders ever assembled. There were about 300 delegates
representing some 65 organizations coming from 28 African countries. Of the nine independent African countries only
one, Sudan, was not represented.
The nationalist organizations were represented by their top leadership. Therefore, whether the colonial powers like it or
not, the decisions of the conference must be taken with some seriousness. The conference announced clearly that African
freedom and independence are a necessity, and that the struggle to achieve independence would continue. The
conference’s declaration on colonialism and imperialism significantly called upon ‘the independent African states to
render maximum assistance by every means possible to the dependent peoples in their struggle.’ The final decision of the
conference was to commend nonviolent methods but also to endorse other methods if they are deemed necessary.
Presently, there is negligible Russian influence in Africa. Nevertheless, this influence will grow unless the problem of
racism in the multi-racial areas of Africa is solved. It is my opinion that American influence will decline steadily unless
the United States is much more vocal in its support of responsible movements for independence in Africa. The United
States does not need to be as cautious as it currently is.”
George M. Houser, president of the American Committee on Africa, a nongovernmental organization founded to support nonviolent African
independence movements, report about the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana, 1958
5. The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the
following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The development of regional free-trade agreements
(B) The intensification of ethnic rivalries in Africa
(C) The spread of industrial methods of production
(D) The dissolution of European empires
Answer D
Correct. The conference is best explained in the context of the dissolution of European empires following
the Second World War. The Second World War weakened European control over African and Asian
colonies and led to the dissolution of European empires, largely because Great Britain and France were
so devastated economically and physically during the Second World War that they could no longer
afford to maintain their vast empires intact and had to allow certain colonies to become independent.
Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia recognized this weakness and applied economic, military, and
diplomatic pressure on European states to relinquish the remainder of their colonies.
6. The conference’s decision to “endorse other methods,” as mentioned in the second paragraph, is best explained in
the context of which of the following?
AP World History: Modern Page 3 of 64
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
The growth of the international arms trade provided armed groups in Africa with military superiority
(A)
over European powers.
Many African colonies had failed to obtain the greater self-governance promised after the First World
(B)
War and doubted that European powers would fulfill similar promises after the Second World War.
Many African societies had been strongly influenced by European methods of administration, economic
(C)
and political philosophy, and culture.
The Non-Aligned Movement was attractive to many African societies that opposed both European
(D)
policies in Africa and the development of a bipolar global order.
Answer B
Correct. European colonial powers justified the creation of the mandate system after the First World War
as part of a process of preparing African states for self-government but had made few moves to grant
African nations their independence. As a result, some African nationalists contended that further pressure
on European governments through military force was necessary to achieve independence.
7. The author’s opinion in the third paragraph regarding the caution that the United States was employing in
supporting African independence movements is most directly explained in the context of which of the following
developments in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The United States had vastly more economic and military power than its European allies.
(B) The United States and the Soviet Union preferred to engage in proxy wars rather than in direct conflict.
The United States used its influence in international organizations to rally support for its policies in
(C)
Third World nations.
(D) The United States used its intelligence agencies to overthrow regimes in Third World nations.
Answer A
Correct. Shortly after the Second World War, the United States possessed nearly 50 percent of the
world’s gross domestic product (GDP) and possessed a military that dwarfed that of any of its European
allies. In addition, United States military support was essential for protecting Western European states
against potential Soviet military aggression. Hence, Houser’s contention that the United States did not
need to be so cautious in supporting African independence movements most likely reflects his belief that
the United States alliances with European states would not fracture because European nations would
remain militarily and economically dependent on the United States.
8. Anticolonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?
Page 4 of 64 AP World History: Modern
U7 MCQ
1. Which of the following was an experience shared by the African leaders Nelson Mandela, Robert Mugabe, Jomo
Kenyatta, and Kwame Nkrumah during the colonial period?
(A) They studied at Soviet universities.
(B) They were held as political prisoners.
(C) They served in a colonial army.
(D) They were Muslims.
(E) They originally came from French colonies.
2. Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?
(A) Most African colonies gained national independence.
(B) The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that most African states found divisive.
(C) Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
(D) There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states.
(E) Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.
3. Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?
(A) Postcolonial conquests of one African state by another
(B) Fragmentation of countries after they achieved independence from Europe
(C) Decisions by European powers during the process of colonization
(D) Precolonial linguistic groupings
(E) International agreements mediated by the United Nations
AP World History: Modern Page 1 of 64
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
Advertisement by Aeroflot, a Soviet State-Owned Commercial Airline.
The Advertisement Was Used in the Soviet Union During the 1950s.
Shawshots/ Alamy Stock Photo
The image shows a commercial jetliner flying over major landmarks from America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
4. In addition to its main use as advertising material, the image was most likely also intended to
(A) show the Soviet Union’s rise as a major technological power
(B) demonstrate Soviet support for communist parties in Western European countries
(C) encourage improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
(D) facilitate the spread of communist ideas in East and Southeast Asia
Answer A
Correct. The advertisement’s depiction of a speeding jet aircraft was designed to show the Soviet
Union’s ability to compete with American and European technological capabilities.
Page 2 of 64 AP World History: Modern
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
“It was my privilege to attend the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana. The conference was significant because
it brought together the most representative gathering of African leaders ever assembled. There were about 300 delegates
representing some 65 organizations coming from 28 African countries. Of the nine independent African countries only
one, Sudan, was not represented.
The nationalist organizations were represented by their top leadership. Therefore, whether the colonial powers like it or
not, the decisions of the conference must be taken with some seriousness. The conference announced clearly that African
freedom and independence are a necessity, and that the struggle to achieve independence would continue. The
conference’s declaration on colonialism and imperialism significantly called upon ‘the independent African states to
render maximum assistance by every means possible to the dependent peoples in their struggle.’ The final decision of the
conference was to commend nonviolent methods but also to endorse other methods if they are deemed necessary.
Presently, there is negligible Russian influence in Africa. Nevertheless, this influence will grow unless the problem of
racism in the multi-racial areas of Africa is solved. It is my opinion that American influence will decline steadily unless
the United States is much more vocal in its support of responsible movements for independence in Africa. The United
States does not need to be as cautious as it currently is.”
George M. Houser, president of the American Committee on Africa, a nongovernmental organization founded to support nonviolent African
independence movements, report about the All African People’s Conference held in Ghana, 1958
5. The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the
following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The development of regional free-trade agreements
(B) The intensification of ethnic rivalries in Africa
(C) The spread of industrial methods of production
(D) The dissolution of European empires
Answer D
Correct. The conference is best explained in the context of the dissolution of European empires following
the Second World War. The Second World War weakened European control over African and Asian
colonies and led to the dissolution of European empires, largely because Great Britain and France were
so devastated economically and physically during the Second World War that they could no longer
afford to maintain their vast empires intact and had to allow certain colonies to become independent.
Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia recognized this weakness and applied economic, military, and
diplomatic pressure on European states to relinquish the remainder of their colonies.
6. The conference’s decision to “endorse other methods,” as mentioned in the second paragraph, is best explained in
the context of which of the following?
AP World History: Modern Page 3 of 64
, Scoring Guide
U7 MCQ
The growth of the international arms trade provided armed groups in Africa with military superiority
(A)
over European powers.
Many African colonies had failed to obtain the greater self-governance promised after the First World
(B)
War and doubted that European powers would fulfill similar promises after the Second World War.
Many African societies had been strongly influenced by European methods of administration, economic
(C)
and political philosophy, and culture.
The Non-Aligned Movement was attractive to many African societies that opposed both European
(D)
policies in Africa and the development of a bipolar global order.
Answer B
Correct. European colonial powers justified the creation of the mandate system after the First World War
as part of a process of preparing African states for self-government but had made few moves to grant
African nations their independence. As a result, some African nationalists contended that further pressure
on European governments through military force was necessary to achieve independence.
7. The author’s opinion in the third paragraph regarding the caution that the United States was employing in
supporting African independence movements is most directly explained in the context of which of the following
developments in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War?
(A) The United States had vastly more economic and military power than its European allies.
(B) The United States and the Soviet Union preferred to engage in proxy wars rather than in direct conflict.
The United States used its influence in international organizations to rally support for its policies in
(C)
Third World nations.
(D) The United States used its intelligence agencies to overthrow regimes in Third World nations.
Answer A
Correct. Shortly after the Second World War, the United States possessed nearly 50 percent of the
world’s gross domestic product (GDP) and possessed a military that dwarfed that of any of its European
allies. In addition, United States military support was essential for protecting Western European states
against potential Soviet military aggression. Hence, Houser’s contention that the United States did not
need to be so cautious in supporting African independence movements most likely reflects his belief that
the United States alliances with European states would not fracture because European nations would
remain militarily and economically dependent on the United States.
8. Anticolonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?
Page 4 of 64 AP World History: Modern
