Exam 2: BIO101 / BIO 101 (Latest 2026 /
2027) General Biology | 100 % Correct
Questions & Answers - Fortis
Course: BIO 101 – General Biology
Exam: Exam 2
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Cell Structure & Organelles (Q1–Q18)
Q1: What is the function of the plasma membrane?
A. Regulates what enters and exits the cell [CORRECT]
B. Produces ATP
C. Stores genetic information
D. Synthesizes proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances
into and out of the cell through selective permeability.
Q2: What is the primary function of the nucleus?
A. Control center of the cell containing DNA [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the
genetic material (DNA).
Q3: What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. Protein synthesis [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Lipid synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: The best answer is A because ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is
translated into polypeptide chains.
Q4: What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
A. Rough ER has ribosomes and modifies proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids
[CORRECT]
B. Rough ER lacks ribosomes; smooth ER has ribosomes
C. Both have ribosomes
D. Neither has ribosomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because rough ER is studded with ribosomes and modifies proteins,
while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
Q5: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for
transport to their final destinations.
Q6: What is the primary function of lysosomes?
A. Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste
materials and cellular debris.
Q7: What is the primary function of mitochondria?
A. ATP production [CORRECT]
B. Protein synthesis
C. Lipid synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP
through cellular respiration.
Q8: Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
, A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast [CORRECT]
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells,
containing chlorophyll.
Q9: What is the primary function of vacuoles?
A. Storage and turgor pressure in plants [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste, and help maintain
turgor pressure in plant cells.
Q10: Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells? (Select all that apply.)
A. No nucleus [CORRECT]
B. No membrane-bound organelles [CORRECT]
C. Single circular chromosome [CORRECT]
D. Membrane-bound nucleus
E. Larger than eukaryotic cells
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles and have a single circular chromosome.
Q11: Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that apply.)
A. Membrane-bound nucleus [CORRECT]
B. Membrane-bound organelles [CORRECT]
C. Larger than prokaryotic cells [CORRECT]
D. Single circular chromosome
E. Bacteria and archaea
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, and are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Q12: Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Select all that apply.)
A. Provides structural support [CORRECT]
B. Facilitates cell movement [CORRECT]
2027) General Biology | 100 % Correct
Questions & Answers - Fortis
Course: BIO 101 – General Biology
Exam: Exam 2
Format: 100 questions across six content domains
Section 1: Cell Structure & Organelles (Q1–Q18)
Q1: What is the function of the plasma membrane?
A. Regulates what enters and exits the cell [CORRECT]
B. Produces ATP
C. Stores genetic information
D. Synthesizes proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances
into and out of the cell through selective permeability.
Q2: What is the primary function of the nucleus?
A. Control center of the cell containing DNA [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the
genetic material (DNA).
Q3: What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A. Protein synthesis [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Lipid synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
,Rationale: The best answer is A because ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is
translated into polypeptide chains.
Q4: What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
A. Rough ER has ribosomes and modifies proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids
[CORRECT]
B. Rough ER lacks ribosomes; smooth ER has ribosomes
C. Both have ribosomes
D. Neither has ribosomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because rough ER is studded with ribosomes and modifies proteins,
while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
Q5: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for
transport to their final destinations.
Q6: What is the primary function of lysosomes?
A. Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste
materials and cellular debris.
Q7: What is the primary function of mitochondria?
A. ATP production [CORRECT]
B. Protein synthesis
C. Lipid synthesis
D. DNA replication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP
through cellular respiration.
Q8: Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
, A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast [CORRECT]
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B because chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells,
containing chlorophyll.
Q9: What is the primary function of vacuoles?
A. Storage and turgor pressure in plants [CORRECT]
B. ATP production
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A because vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste, and help maintain
turgor pressure in plant cells.
Q10: Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells? (Select all that apply.)
A. No nucleus [CORRECT]
B. No membrane-bound organelles [CORRECT]
C. Single circular chromosome [CORRECT]
D. Membrane-bound nucleus
E. Larger than eukaryotic cells
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles and have a single circular chromosome.
Q11: Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells? (Select all that apply.)
A. Membrane-bound nucleus [CORRECT]
B. Membrane-bound organelles [CORRECT]
C. Larger than prokaryotic cells [CORRECT]
D. Single circular chromosome
E. Bacteria and archaea
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The best answer is A, B, and C because eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, and are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Q12: Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Select all that apply.)
A. Provides structural support [CORRECT]
B. Facilitates cell movement [CORRECT]
