AWHONN Neonatal Modules Comprehensive
Neonatal Nursing EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-
2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A newborn's maternal history includes oligohydramnios sequence. What might be an expected
finding on physical exam? - answer>>Compressed facial features potter's sequence;bilateral
renal agenesis, atresia of the ureter or urethra, polycystic or multicystic kidney disease, renal
hypoplasia, amniotic rupture, maternal hypertension/pre-e
A priority of management for the neonate diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease is -
answer>>treatment of systemic hypertension. monitoring and treatment of hypertension,
nephrectomy sometimes indicated, peritoneal dialysis
Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism include - answer>>decreasing body growth and
enlarged tongue.
Clinical presentation of acute renal failure includes all of the following EXCEPT - answer>>serum
creatinine <1.5 mg/dl (132.6 μmol/L). oliguria, normal urine output, elevated creat, polyuria,
hematuria, proteinuria, fluid overloead, dehydration, vomiting, poor eating, elevated
medication levels
Clinical presentation of renal vein thrombosis includes - answer>>hematuria and anemia.
hematuria, flank mass, thrombocytopenia, transient hypertenion, urine output of <1 ml/kg/hr,
anemia
During pregnancy, maternal ingestion of goitrogenic substances such as iodide or lithium may
lead to which of the following endocrine conditions? - answer>>Transient congenital
hypothyroidism
Management of the patient with bladder exstrophy includes - answer>>covering the defect with
plastic wrap.
,Potential etiologies of Intrarenal AKI - answer>>Polycystic kidneys, Asphyxia, Nephrotoxic
medications
Potential etiologies of Postrenal AKI - answer>>Posterior urethral valves, Fungal infections,
neurogenic bladder
Potential etiologies of Prerenal AKI - answer>>Dehydration, Hemorrhage, Capillary leak
The compromised neonate has difficulty regulating acid-base homeostasis due to -
answer>>decreased ability to handle acid load.
The glomerular filtration rate doubles by the end of the second week of postnatal life because of
- answer>>increased glomerular surface area.
The neonate has difficulty responding to large fluid loads due to a(n) - answer>>decreased
tubular sensitivity to aldosterone.
The new classification for acute kidney injury (AKI) is based on - answer>>urine output and
change in serum creatinine level.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for - answer>>regulating sodium,
potassium, and regional blood flow.
Thyroid hormones are required for maturation of which of these systems? - answer>>central
nervous system.
What is the MOST common type of acute renal failure in the neonatal period? -
answer>>Prerenal
When performing the initial physical assessment of a newborn, the nurse notices the genitalia
are atypical. Which condition might be responsible for this disorder? - answer>>Congenital
adrenal hyperplasia
,Which of the following explains why a preterm infant is at greater risk for negative sodium
balance? - answer>>There is an increased proportion of water in the extracellular fluid
compartment.
Which of the following is a common abnormality associated with a hypospadias? -
answer>>Chordee
Which of the following is a prerenal cause of acute renal failure? - answer>>Hemorrhage failure
of autoregulation to maintain renal blood flow and GFR; hypoperfusion; result of hypovolemia;
hypotension
Which of the following is an etiology for postrenal kidney failure? - answer>>Fungal infection
Urinary tract abnormalities, extrinsic obstruction of the urinary tract, fungal infections
A common organism responsible for early onset sepsis is - answer>>E. coli. MOST common is
GBS
A newborn with polycythemia may exhibit which of the following? - answer>>Tachypnea,
thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia
Anemia due to decreased red blood cell survival should be anticipated in the neonate with a
history of - answer>>isoimmune-mediated hemolysis.
Bilirubin levels rise in an infant with severe gram-negative sepsis for which of the following
reasons? - answer>>Overproduction and decreased excretion of bilirubin
Blood products administered to neonates are irradiated to prevent which of the following
conditions? - answer>>Graft-versus-host disease leukodepleted to prevent against graft v. host
disease; irradiated to protect against CMV
Complement works with the immune system to - answer>>opsonize bacteria to facilitate
phagocytosis.
, Diagnostic test results that indicate thrombocytopenia include - answer>>decreased platelet
count.
During the process of hematopoiesis, the megakaryoblast matures to which of the following
cells? - answer>>thrombocytes (platelets)
Hemoglobin values at birth are dependent upon - answer>>gestational age and volume of
placental transfer.
Signs of polycythemia include - answer>>congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. also
poor feeding and hypoglycemia;
The cause of bleeding in a newborn with early stage vitamin K deficiency bleeding is typically
related to - answer>>maternal medications that impact synthesis and storage. usually occurs in
the first 24 hours and is related to maternal medications that may interfere with stores or
funtion of vitamin K; anticonvulsants, tuberculostatic agents, vitamin K antagonists.
The initial antibiotic choice for infants with suspected meningitis includes - answer>>ampicillin
and a third generation cephalosporin amp and third gen cephalosporin (cefotax and ceftaz)
The MOST accurate predictor of infection when analyzing white blood count is -
answer>>neutropenia.
The MOST common cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn is - answer>>hemolytic disease.
Which laboratory results are indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy? -
answer>>Increased PT and PTT times also decreased platelet count, decreased coag factors, and
increased fibrin split products
Which of the following are associated with neonatal anemia? - answer>>Discordant twins,
placenta previa, elevated Kleihauer-Betke test
Neonatal Nursing EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-
2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A newborn's maternal history includes oligohydramnios sequence. What might be an expected
finding on physical exam? - answer>>Compressed facial features potter's sequence;bilateral
renal agenesis, atresia of the ureter or urethra, polycystic or multicystic kidney disease, renal
hypoplasia, amniotic rupture, maternal hypertension/pre-e
A priority of management for the neonate diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease is -
answer>>treatment of systemic hypertension. monitoring and treatment of hypertension,
nephrectomy sometimes indicated, peritoneal dialysis
Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism include - answer>>decreasing body growth and
enlarged tongue.
Clinical presentation of acute renal failure includes all of the following EXCEPT - answer>>serum
creatinine <1.5 mg/dl (132.6 μmol/L). oliguria, normal urine output, elevated creat, polyuria,
hematuria, proteinuria, fluid overloead, dehydration, vomiting, poor eating, elevated
medication levels
Clinical presentation of renal vein thrombosis includes - answer>>hematuria and anemia.
hematuria, flank mass, thrombocytopenia, transient hypertenion, urine output of <1 ml/kg/hr,
anemia
During pregnancy, maternal ingestion of goitrogenic substances such as iodide or lithium may
lead to which of the following endocrine conditions? - answer>>Transient congenital
hypothyroidism
Management of the patient with bladder exstrophy includes - answer>>covering the defect with
plastic wrap.
,Potential etiologies of Intrarenal AKI - answer>>Polycystic kidneys, Asphyxia, Nephrotoxic
medications
Potential etiologies of Postrenal AKI - answer>>Posterior urethral valves, Fungal infections,
neurogenic bladder
Potential etiologies of Prerenal AKI - answer>>Dehydration, Hemorrhage, Capillary leak
The compromised neonate has difficulty regulating acid-base homeostasis due to -
answer>>decreased ability to handle acid load.
The glomerular filtration rate doubles by the end of the second week of postnatal life because of
- answer>>increased glomerular surface area.
The neonate has difficulty responding to large fluid loads due to a(n) - answer>>decreased
tubular sensitivity to aldosterone.
The new classification for acute kidney injury (AKI) is based on - answer>>urine output and
change in serum creatinine level.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for - answer>>regulating sodium,
potassium, and regional blood flow.
Thyroid hormones are required for maturation of which of these systems? - answer>>central
nervous system.
What is the MOST common type of acute renal failure in the neonatal period? -
answer>>Prerenal
When performing the initial physical assessment of a newborn, the nurse notices the genitalia
are atypical. Which condition might be responsible for this disorder? - answer>>Congenital
adrenal hyperplasia
,Which of the following explains why a preterm infant is at greater risk for negative sodium
balance? - answer>>There is an increased proportion of water in the extracellular fluid
compartment.
Which of the following is a common abnormality associated with a hypospadias? -
answer>>Chordee
Which of the following is a prerenal cause of acute renal failure? - answer>>Hemorrhage failure
of autoregulation to maintain renal blood flow and GFR; hypoperfusion; result of hypovolemia;
hypotension
Which of the following is an etiology for postrenal kidney failure? - answer>>Fungal infection
Urinary tract abnormalities, extrinsic obstruction of the urinary tract, fungal infections
A common organism responsible for early onset sepsis is - answer>>E. coli. MOST common is
GBS
A newborn with polycythemia may exhibit which of the following? - answer>>Tachypnea,
thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia
Anemia due to decreased red blood cell survival should be anticipated in the neonate with a
history of - answer>>isoimmune-mediated hemolysis.
Bilirubin levels rise in an infant with severe gram-negative sepsis for which of the following
reasons? - answer>>Overproduction and decreased excretion of bilirubin
Blood products administered to neonates are irradiated to prevent which of the following
conditions? - answer>>Graft-versus-host disease leukodepleted to prevent against graft v. host
disease; irradiated to protect against CMV
Complement works with the immune system to - answer>>opsonize bacteria to facilitate
phagocytosis.
, Diagnostic test results that indicate thrombocytopenia include - answer>>decreased platelet
count.
During the process of hematopoiesis, the megakaryoblast matures to which of the following
cells? - answer>>thrombocytes (platelets)
Hemoglobin values at birth are dependent upon - answer>>gestational age and volume of
placental transfer.
Signs of polycythemia include - answer>>congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. also
poor feeding and hypoglycemia;
The cause of bleeding in a newborn with early stage vitamin K deficiency bleeding is typically
related to - answer>>maternal medications that impact synthesis and storage. usually occurs in
the first 24 hours and is related to maternal medications that may interfere with stores or
funtion of vitamin K; anticonvulsants, tuberculostatic agents, vitamin K antagonists.
The initial antibiotic choice for infants with suspected meningitis includes - answer>>ampicillin
and a third generation cephalosporin amp and third gen cephalosporin (cefotax and ceftaz)
The MOST accurate predictor of infection when analyzing white blood count is -
answer>>neutropenia.
The MOST common cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn is - answer>>hemolytic disease.
Which laboratory results are indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy? -
answer>>Increased PT and PTT times also decreased platelet count, decreased coag factors, and
increased fibrin split products
Which of the following are associated with neonatal anemia? - answer>>Discordant twins,
placenta previa, elevated Kleihauer-Betke test
