BIOL 101 Module 2 | Essential Biology I w/Lab Exam Q&A
| Portage Learning
Question 1:
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration and produce most of the cell’s
ATP.
Question 2:
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Peroxisome
D. Nucleolus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into vesicles.
Question 3:
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
A. Cytoskeleton
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Centriole
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates transport.
Question 4:
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrion
,C. Ribosome
D. Chloroplast
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes digest worn-out organelles and foreign material.
Question 5:
Which organelle detoxifies alcohol and breaks down fatty acids?
A. Peroxisome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify substances and break down fatty
acids.
Question 6:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is “rough” because it has:
A. Ribosomes attached
B. Lipid droplets
C. Cilia
D. Vacuoles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on rough ER synthesize proteins.
Question 7:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in:
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C. ATP production
D. DNA replication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid metabolism and
detoxification.
, Question 8:
Which organelle stores most of the cell’s genetic material?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA and directs cell activities.
Question 9:
Which cell junction prevents leakage between adjacent cells?
A. Gap junction
B. Tight junction
C. Desmosome
D. Plasmodesma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Tight junctions seal cells together to prevent leakage.
Question 10:
Which cell junction allows direct communication between cells?
A. Tight junction
B. Gap junction
C. Desmosome
D. Cell wall
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Gap junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells.
Question 11:
Which process is passive and moves molecules from high to low concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Phagocytosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion does not require ATP and follows a concentration gradient.
| Portage Learning
Question 1:
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration and produce most of the cell’s
ATP.
Question 2:
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Peroxisome
D. Nucleolus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into vesicles.
Question 3:
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
A. Cytoskeleton
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Centriole
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates transport.
Question 4:
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrion
,C. Ribosome
D. Chloroplast
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes digest worn-out organelles and foreign material.
Question 5:
Which organelle detoxifies alcohol and breaks down fatty acids?
A. Peroxisome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify substances and break down fatty
acids.
Question 6:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is “rough” because it has:
A. Ribosomes attached
B. Lipid droplets
C. Cilia
D. Vacuoles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on rough ER synthesize proteins.
Question 7:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in:
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C. ATP production
D. DNA replication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid metabolism and
detoxification.
, Question 8:
Which organelle stores most of the cell’s genetic material?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA and directs cell activities.
Question 9:
Which cell junction prevents leakage between adjacent cells?
A. Gap junction
B. Tight junction
C. Desmosome
D. Plasmodesma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Tight junctions seal cells together to prevent leakage.
Question 10:
Which cell junction allows direct communication between cells?
A. Tight junction
B. Gap junction
C. Desmosome
D. Cell wall
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Gap junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells.
Question 11:
Which process is passive and moves molecules from high to low concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Phagocytosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion does not require ATP and follows a concentration gradient.
