CHAMBERLAIN • FINAL PRACTICE EXAM 2
NR507
Advanced Pathophysiology
150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam
A second original exam focused on expected findings, diagnostic patterns,
laboratory interpretation, and system-based pathophysiology.
150 A-D 150
Practice Questions Multiple Choice Detailed Rationales
Original study and revision material • Clean print-ready format
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Each item has four choices (A-D). Complete the exam first, then
use the Answer Key & Detailed Explanations section at the end for review.
Findings & Diagnostics • Questions 1-25
1 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Tension pneumothorax?
A obstructive spirometry with reduced FEV1/FVC and possible chronic hypercapnia
B bilateral pulmonary opacities with severe oxygenation impairment not fully explained by cardiac failure
C imaging, when the patient is stable enough, showing a collapsed lung with contralateral mediastinal shift
D CT pulmonary angiography showing an intraluminal filling defect
2 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Mitral regurgitation?
A a rise and fall in cardiac troponin with ischemic ECG changes or compatible clinical evidence
B elevated BNP with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or abnormal filling
C echocardiography showing a systolic regurgitant jet into the left atrium
D elevated atherogenic lipoproteins with imaging evidence of arterial plaque
3 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia in the appropriate clinical setting?
A needle-shaped negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
B low ferritin with low transferrin saturation and increased total iron-binding capacity
C elevated D-dimer with prolonged PT/PTT, low fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia
D low vitamin B12 with elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine
4 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with Nephritic syndrome?
A persistent acute kidney injury after a major ischemic or nephrotoxic insult
B generalized edema with hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
C episodic colicky flank pain with hematuria
D hematuria with edema and hypertension
5 The clinician suspects Intracerebral hemorrhage. Which finding best supports the expected
physiologic effect?
A bradykinesia with rigidity and resting tremor
B acute focal neurologic deficit with headache, vomiting, or depressed consciousness
C fever with nuchal rigidity, headache, and altered mental status
D neurologic deficits disseminated in time and space, often including optic neuritis
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 1
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
6 A patient with Nephrotic syndrome is being evaluated. Which additional finding is most
consistent with the disorder?
A generalized edema with hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
B fever with flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness
C edema, anemia, uremic symptoms, and chronic metabolic abnormalities
D reduced urine output with symptoms or signs of urinary tract obstruction
7 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Acute pyelonephritis?
A muddy brown granular casts with impaired sodium reabsorption and often fractional sodium excretion above 2%
B noncontrast CT showing a urinary calculus in the appropriate clinical setting
C pyuria and white blood cell casts with bacteriuria
D red blood cell casts with dysmorphic erythrocytes and an elevated creatinine
8 A patient is being evaluated for Apoptosis. Which result is most characteristic?
A decreased ATP with preserved cell membrane integrity
B histology showing eosinophilic anucleate cells with preserved outlines
C biopsy showing atypical cells confined above an intact basement membrane
D DNA fragmentation with intact surrounding tissue and minimal inflammation
9 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Acute respiratory distress
syndrome in the appropriate clinical setting?
A obstructive spirometry with reduced FEV1/FVC and possible chronic hypercapnia
B bilateral pulmonary opacities with severe oxygenation impairment not fully explained by cardiac failure
C spirometry showing reversible airflow obstruction after bronchodilator administration
D imaging, when the patient is stable enough, showing a collapsed lung with contralateral mediastinal shift
10 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Left-sided heart failure in the
appropriate clinical setting?
A elevated BNP with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or abnormal filling
B exercise-induced ischemic ECG changes with no dynamic rise in cardiac troponin
C echocardiography showing a systolic regurgitant jet into the left atrium
D compression ultrasonography showing a noncompressible deep vein
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 2
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
11 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Primary hyperparathyroidism
in the appropriate clinical setting?
A low serum osmolality with inappropriately concentrated urine and elevated urine sodium
B high serum osmolality with low urine osmolality that increases after desmopressin
C elevated calcium with inappropriately elevated PTH and low or low-normal phosphate
D elevated cortisol with failure to suppress appropriately on screening testing
12 The clinician suspects Parkinson disease. Which finding best supports the expected physiologic
effect?
A acute focal neurologic deficit with headache, vomiting, or depressed consciousness
B ascending weakness with reduced or absent reflexes
C bradykinesia with rigidity and resting tremor
D neurologic deficits disseminated in time and space, often including optic neuritis
13 A patient with Liquefactive necrosis is being evaluated. Which additional finding is most
consistent with the disorder?
A cellular atypia, pleomorphism, and abnormal maturation
B soft liquefied tissue with loss of normal architecture
C cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies without a neutrophilic response
D firm pale tissue with preserved cellular architecture early after infarction
14 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with SIADH?
A polyuria and polydipsia with dilute urine
B neurologic symptoms of hyponatremia without marked peripheral edema
C cold intolerance, bradycardia, dry skin, and slowed mentation
D hypotension with hyperpigmentation and salt craving
15 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with Pulmonary embolism?
A episodic expiratory wheeze with variable airflow limitation
B loud snoring, witnessed breathing pauses, and daytime somnolence
C abrupt dyspnea with tachycardia and pleuritic chest pain
D unilateral absent breath sounds with hypotension and mediastinal shift
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 3
NR507
Advanced Pathophysiology
150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam
A second original exam focused on expected findings, diagnostic patterns,
laboratory interpretation, and system-based pathophysiology.
150 A-D 150
Practice Questions Multiple Choice Detailed Rationales
Original study and revision material • Clean print-ready format
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
Instructions: Select the best answer for each question. Each item has four choices (A-D). Complete the exam first, then
use the Answer Key & Detailed Explanations section at the end for review.
Findings & Diagnostics • Questions 1-25
1 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Tension pneumothorax?
A obstructive spirometry with reduced FEV1/FVC and possible chronic hypercapnia
B bilateral pulmonary opacities with severe oxygenation impairment not fully explained by cardiac failure
C imaging, when the patient is stable enough, showing a collapsed lung with contralateral mediastinal shift
D CT pulmonary angiography showing an intraluminal filling defect
2 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Mitral regurgitation?
A a rise and fall in cardiac troponin with ischemic ECG changes or compatible clinical evidence
B elevated BNP with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or abnormal filling
C echocardiography showing a systolic regurgitant jet into the left atrium
D elevated atherogenic lipoproteins with imaging evidence of arterial plaque
3 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Vitamin B12 deficiency
anemia in the appropriate clinical setting?
A needle-shaped negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
B low ferritin with low transferrin saturation and increased total iron-binding capacity
C elevated D-dimer with prolonged PT/PTT, low fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia
D low vitamin B12 with elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine
4 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with Nephritic syndrome?
A persistent acute kidney injury after a major ischemic or nephrotoxic insult
B generalized edema with hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
C episodic colicky flank pain with hematuria
D hematuria with edema and hypertension
5 The clinician suspects Intracerebral hemorrhage. Which finding best supports the expected
physiologic effect?
A bradykinesia with rigidity and resting tremor
B acute focal neurologic deficit with headache, vomiting, or depressed consciousness
C fever with nuchal rigidity, headache, and altered mental status
D neurologic deficits disseminated in time and space, often including optic neuritis
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 1
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
6 A patient with Nephrotic syndrome is being evaluated. Which additional finding is most
consistent with the disorder?
A generalized edema with hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
B fever with flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness
C edema, anemia, uremic symptoms, and chronic metabolic abnormalities
D reduced urine output with symptoms or signs of urinary tract obstruction
7 Which test result best aligns with the pathophysiology of Acute pyelonephritis?
A muddy brown granular casts with impaired sodium reabsorption and often fractional sodium excretion above 2%
B noncontrast CT showing a urinary calculus in the appropriate clinical setting
C pyuria and white blood cell casts with bacteriuria
D red blood cell casts with dysmorphic erythrocytes and an elevated creatinine
8 A patient is being evaluated for Apoptosis. Which result is most characteristic?
A decreased ATP with preserved cell membrane integrity
B histology showing eosinophilic anucleate cells with preserved outlines
C biopsy showing atypical cells confined above an intact basement membrane
D DNA fragmentation with intact surrounding tissue and minimal inflammation
9 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Acute respiratory distress
syndrome in the appropriate clinical setting?
A obstructive spirometry with reduced FEV1/FVC and possible chronic hypercapnia
B bilateral pulmonary opacities with severe oxygenation impairment not fully explained by cardiac failure
C spirometry showing reversible airflow obstruction after bronchodilator administration
D imaging, when the patient is stable enough, showing a collapsed lung with contralateral mediastinal shift
10 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Left-sided heart failure in the
appropriate clinical setting?
A elevated BNP with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or abnormal filling
B exercise-induced ischemic ECG changes with no dynamic rise in cardiac troponin
C echocardiography showing a systolic regurgitant jet into the left atrium
D compression ultrasonography showing a noncompressible deep vein
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 2
, NR507 Final Practice Exam 2
11 Which diagnostic or laboratory result would most strongly support Primary hyperparathyroidism
in the appropriate clinical setting?
A low serum osmolality with inappropriately concentrated urine and elevated urine sodium
B high serum osmolality with low urine osmolality that increases after desmopressin
C elevated calcium with inappropriately elevated PTH and low or low-normal phosphate
D elevated cortisol with failure to suppress appropriately on screening testing
12 The clinician suspects Parkinson disease. Which finding best supports the expected physiologic
effect?
A acute focal neurologic deficit with headache, vomiting, or depressed consciousness
B ascending weakness with reduced or absent reflexes
C bradykinesia with rigidity and resting tremor
D neurologic deficits disseminated in time and space, often including optic neuritis
13 A patient with Liquefactive necrosis is being evaluated. Which additional finding is most
consistent with the disorder?
A cellular atypia, pleomorphism, and abnormal maturation
B soft liquefied tissue with loss of normal architecture
C cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies without a neutrophilic response
D firm pale tissue with preserved cellular architecture early after infarction
14 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with SIADH?
A polyuria and polydipsia with dilute urine
B neurologic symptoms of hyponatremia without marked peripheral edema
C cold intolerance, bradycardia, dry skin, and slowed mentation
D hypotension with hyperpigmentation and salt craving
15 Which clinical finding would be most expected in a patient with Pulmonary embolism?
A episodic expiratory wheeze with variable airflow limitation
B loud snoring, witnessed breathing pauses, and daytime somnolence
C abrupt dyspnea with tachycardia and pleuritic chest pain
D unilateral absent breath sounds with hypotension and mediastinal shift
NR507 • Advanced Pathophysiology • 150-Question Mechanisms & Diagnostics Exam Page 3
