BARKLEY RENAL/GENITOURINARY PRACTICE EXAM
Comprehensive 200 Question Practice Examination
– New Edition
SECTION I: RENAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1
Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Answer: A
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney,
responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The
glomerulus (B) is part of the nephron. The renal pelvis (C) collects
urine. The ureter (D) transports urine.
Question 2
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
,Answer: A
Rationale: The glomerulus is responsible for filtration of blood into
the Bowman's capsule. The proximal convoluted tubule (B) is
responsible for reabsorption. The loop of Henle (C) concentrates
urine. The distal convoluted tubule (D) regulates electrolytes.
Question 3
Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D. Renin
Answer: B
Rationale: ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability in the
collecting duct, promoting water reabsorption. Aldosterone (A)
regulates sodium and potassium. ANP (C) promotes natriuresis.
Renin (D) initiates the RAAS cascade.
Question 4
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
A. 30-60 mL/min
B. 60-90 mL/min
C. 90-120 mL/min
D. 120-150 mL/min
,Answer: C
Rationale: Normal GFR is approximately 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m².
Values below 60 mL/min indicate chronic kidney disease.
Question 5
Which part of the nephron is the primary site of sodium reabsorption?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A
Rationale: Approximately 65-70% of sodium is reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubule.
Question 6
What is the role of the loop of Henle?
A. Filtration
B. Concentration of urine
C. Reabsorption of glucose
D. Secretion of potassium
Answer: B
Rationale: The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the
medulla, allowing for urine concentration.
Question 7
Which cells in the kidney produce renin?
, A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Macula densa cells
C. Podocytes
D. Mesangial cells
Answer: A
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole produce
and secrete renin in response to decreased renal perfusion.
Question 8
What is the function of the macula densa?
A. Sense sodium concentration in the distal tubule
B. Produce renin
C. Filter blood
D. Reabsorb water
Answer: A
Rationale: The macula densa senses sodium chloride concentration
in the distal convoluted tubule and signals the juxtaglomerular cells
to release renin.
Question 9
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. ANP
D. Parathyroid hormone
Comprehensive 200 Question Practice Examination
– New Edition
SECTION I: RENAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1
Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Answer: A
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney,
responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The
glomerulus (B) is part of the nephron. The renal pelvis (C) collects
urine. The ureter (D) transports urine.
Question 2
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
,Answer: A
Rationale: The glomerulus is responsible for filtration of blood into
the Bowman's capsule. The proximal convoluted tubule (B) is
responsible for reabsorption. The loop of Henle (C) concentrates
urine. The distal convoluted tubule (D) regulates electrolytes.
Question 3
Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D. Renin
Answer: B
Rationale: ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability in the
collecting duct, promoting water reabsorption. Aldosterone (A)
regulates sodium and potassium. ANP (C) promotes natriuresis.
Renin (D) initiates the RAAS cascade.
Question 4
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
A. 30-60 mL/min
B. 60-90 mL/min
C. 90-120 mL/min
D. 120-150 mL/min
,Answer: C
Rationale: Normal GFR is approximately 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m².
Values below 60 mL/min indicate chronic kidney disease.
Question 5
Which part of the nephron is the primary site of sodium reabsorption?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A
Rationale: Approximately 65-70% of sodium is reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubule.
Question 6
What is the role of the loop of Henle?
A. Filtration
B. Concentration of urine
C. Reabsorption of glucose
D. Secretion of potassium
Answer: B
Rationale: The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the
medulla, allowing for urine concentration.
Question 7
Which cells in the kidney produce renin?
, A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Macula densa cells
C. Podocytes
D. Mesangial cells
Answer: A
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole produce
and secrete renin in response to decreased renal perfusion.
Question 8
What is the function of the macula densa?
A. Sense sodium concentration in the distal tubule
B. Produce renin
C. Filter blood
D. Reabsorb water
Answer: A
Rationale: The macula densa senses sodium chloride concentration
in the distal convoluted tubule and signals the juxtaglomerular cells
to release renin.
Question 9
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. ANP
D. Parathyroid hormone
