NURS 611 Pathophysiology Exam 4 Latest
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
most common type of kidney stone
Correct Answer: Calcium oxalate
Question 2.
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive
Correct Answer: 20-25%
Question 3.
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred pain to where?
Correct Answer: Umbilicus area
Question 4.
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that they get stuck in
what?
Correct Answer: The ureters
Question 5.
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct?
Correct Answer: Urine flow
Question 6.
The kidneys will react due to obstruction, because they expect their 20-25% of cardiac
output. The kidneys do not know why they are not getting their normal share of cardiac
output but they sense the decreased perfusion due to the obstruction, so those kidneys
activate what
Correct Answer: The RAAS system
Question 7.
With activation of that RAAS system from the kidneys, there is angiotensin, which is a
powerful peripheral constrictor. So, what happens within those kidneys themselves is
decreased tissue perfusion so they activate the RAAS system which contains the
angiotensin with powerful constrictor properties, so it constricts what?
Correct Answer: Arterioles
,Question 8.
When angiotensin constricts the arterioles, what happens as a result?
Correct Answer: Hypertension, so basically HTN happens due to urinary
obstruction
Question 9.
Which population do we think mainly about when we think about UTIs?
Correct Answer: The older populaiton
Question 10.
With older adults it may be harder to determine if they have a UTI because clinically, the
main manifestation that is often seen with the elderly and a UTI is what?
Correct Answer: Confusion, abdominal pain or discomfort, blood in urine.
Question 11.
What can a UTI lead to very quickly, especially with the older population?
Correct Answer: sepsis
Question 12.
Infection of one or both upper urinary tracts (ureter, renal pelvis, kidney interstitium) is
what?
Correct Answer: Pyelonephritis
• most common risk factors for pyelonephritis -✓✓Urinary obstruction, and
reflux of urine from the bladder.
Question 13.
most common culprit of pyelonephritis
Correct Answer: E. coli, proteus, pseudomonas
Question 14.
Why do we think of E. coli, especially for women with pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: Because of proximity of the anus to the urinary tract
Question 15.
On urinalysis what would you see with pyelonephritis
Correct Answer: WBC casts, because they are only formed in the renal tubules
, Question 16.
Urine should always go (----) and when there is an obstruction urine goes (----)
Correct Answer: Forward, backward
Question 17.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction, where does it flow back into
Correct Answer: The renal pelvis
Question 18.
What is the renal pelvis?
Correct Answer: is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney, The
renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.
Question 19.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction into the renal pelvis, what happens?
Correct Answer: it causes inflammation, which is caused by bacteria
Question 20.
A condition that includes non bacterial infectious cystitis and noninfectious cystitis is
called what?
Correct Answer: Painful bladder syndrome or interstitial cystitis
Question 21.
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (PBS/IC) mimics
Correct Answer: UTI, but is non bacterial. Patients present with UTI and are
treated with multiple rounds of abx and do not improve is the clue it is PBS/IC
Question 22.
Cause of PBS/IC
Correct Answer: Non bacterial infectious cystisis: - Viral - Mycobacterial -
Chlamydia - Fungal
Noninfectious Cystitis: - Radiation - Chemical - Autoimmune - Hypersensitivity
Question 23.
Which patients do we generally think about when we think about PBS/IC?
Correct Answer: Diabetics because they are prone to infection, but when they
have gotten what we think is a UTI and we keep giving antibiotics again and
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
most common type of kidney stone
Correct Answer: Calcium oxalate
Question 2.
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive
Correct Answer: 20-25%
Question 3.
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred pain to where?
Correct Answer: Umbilicus area
Question 4.
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that they get stuck in
what?
Correct Answer: The ureters
Question 5.
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct?
Correct Answer: Urine flow
Question 6.
The kidneys will react due to obstruction, because they expect their 20-25% of cardiac
output. The kidneys do not know why they are not getting their normal share of cardiac
output but they sense the decreased perfusion due to the obstruction, so those kidneys
activate what
Correct Answer: The RAAS system
Question 7.
With activation of that RAAS system from the kidneys, there is angiotensin, which is a
powerful peripheral constrictor. So, what happens within those kidneys themselves is
decreased tissue perfusion so they activate the RAAS system which contains the
angiotensin with powerful constrictor properties, so it constricts what?
Correct Answer: Arterioles
,Question 8.
When angiotensin constricts the arterioles, what happens as a result?
Correct Answer: Hypertension, so basically HTN happens due to urinary
obstruction
Question 9.
Which population do we think mainly about when we think about UTIs?
Correct Answer: The older populaiton
Question 10.
With older adults it may be harder to determine if they have a UTI because clinically, the
main manifestation that is often seen with the elderly and a UTI is what?
Correct Answer: Confusion, abdominal pain or discomfort, blood in urine.
Question 11.
What can a UTI lead to very quickly, especially with the older population?
Correct Answer: sepsis
Question 12.
Infection of one or both upper urinary tracts (ureter, renal pelvis, kidney interstitium) is
what?
Correct Answer: Pyelonephritis
• most common risk factors for pyelonephritis -✓✓Urinary obstruction, and
reflux of urine from the bladder.
Question 13.
most common culprit of pyelonephritis
Correct Answer: E. coli, proteus, pseudomonas
Question 14.
Why do we think of E. coli, especially for women with pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: Because of proximity of the anus to the urinary tract
Question 15.
On urinalysis what would you see with pyelonephritis
Correct Answer: WBC casts, because they are only formed in the renal tubules
, Question 16.
Urine should always go (----) and when there is an obstruction urine goes (----)
Correct Answer: Forward, backward
Question 17.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction, where does it flow back into
Correct Answer: The renal pelvis
Question 18.
What is the renal pelvis?
Correct Answer: is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney, The
renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.
Question 19.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction into the renal pelvis, what happens?
Correct Answer: it causes inflammation, which is caused by bacteria
Question 20.
A condition that includes non bacterial infectious cystitis and noninfectious cystitis is
called what?
Correct Answer: Painful bladder syndrome or interstitial cystitis
Question 21.
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (PBS/IC) mimics
Correct Answer: UTI, but is non bacterial. Patients present with UTI and are
treated with multiple rounds of abx and do not improve is the clue it is PBS/IC
Question 22.
Cause of PBS/IC
Correct Answer: Non bacterial infectious cystisis: - Viral - Mycobacterial -
Chlamydia - Fungal
Noninfectious Cystitis: - Radiation - Chemical - Autoimmune - Hypersensitivity
Question 23.
Which patients do we generally think about when we think about PBS/IC?
Correct Answer: Diabetics because they are prone to infection, but when they
have gotten what we think is a UTI and we keep giving antibiotics again and
