NURS 611 Patho Exam 2 Latest
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Question 2.
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Correct Answer: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI
and integumentary is decreased
Question 3.
how are primary brain injuries classified
Correct Answer: focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
Question 4.
focal brain injuries
Correct Answer: specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a
precise location
Question 5.
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
Question 6.
diffuse brain injuries
Correct Answer: include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis,
and damage to blood vessels
Question 7.
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
Question 8.
autonomic hyperreflexia
Correct Answer: characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic),
a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion
with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by
, pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min) location of lesions in
cases of autonomic hyperreflexia -✓✓individual most likely to be affected have
lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
Question 9.
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia
Correct Answer: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Question 10.
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS
reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN
and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels
do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Question 11.
Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: leading cause of dementia and one of the most common
causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
Question 12.
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: age, family history
Question 13.
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of
menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
Question 14.
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD
Correct Answer: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
Question 15.
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given
Correct Answer: postmortem examination
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Question 2.
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Correct Answer: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI
and integumentary is decreased
Question 3.
how are primary brain injuries classified
Correct Answer: focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
Question 4.
focal brain injuries
Correct Answer: specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a
precise location
Question 5.
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
Question 6.
diffuse brain injuries
Correct Answer: include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis,
and damage to blood vessels
Question 7.
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
Question 8.
autonomic hyperreflexia
Correct Answer: characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic),
a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion
with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by
, pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min) location of lesions in
cases of autonomic hyperreflexia -✓✓individual most likely to be affected have
lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
Question 9.
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia
Correct Answer: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Question 10.
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS
reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN
and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels
do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Question 11.
Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: leading cause of dementia and one of the most common
causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
Question 12.
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: age, family history
Question 13.
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of
menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
Question 14.
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD
Correct Answer: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
Question 15.
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given
Correct Answer: postmortem examination
