NUR EXAM 2 FULLY SOLVED TEST BANK WITH TESTED
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis?
Answer: Develops because of a reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs.
Inflamed tissue creates abdominal tenderness and pain that worsen with
movement
Question 2.
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction?
Answer: Intestinal Obstruction
Question 3.
The cause of Hiatal Hernia
Answer: Occurs when a section of the stomach protrudes upward through an
opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm toward the thoracic cavity. The hiatus
develops from weakening of the diaphragm muscle, frequently resulting from
increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or straining to
defecate) or increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and
obesity). Other causes of a hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Question 4.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion
Answer: Antibiotics destroy some of these bacteria, which allow other types to
grow too much. In some cases, antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called
Clostridioides difficile to grow too much. This can lead to severe, watery, and
often bloody diarrhea called pseudomembranous colitis
Question 5.
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Answer: Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces (e.g.,
excess acid production) and protective mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus
production) induced by a secondary process rather than an innate defect. The
most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others)
and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
,Question 6.
Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis
Answer: Alcoholism
Question 7.
Define Intussusception
Answer: Telescoping of a portion of the intestine into another portion
Question 8.
Cause of Heartburn
Answer: Occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the
acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into the esophagus. The most
common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—like citrus fruits, tomatoes,
onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. Spicy foods or large meals
can also be the root of distress. Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or
ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications.
Question 9.
Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Answer: Colon narrowed by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces,
Inflammation, Telescoping of ileum inside adjacent section of colon, Blood
vessels drawn in between layers and compressed, and Ileum appendix
Question 10.
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis
Answer: Cholelithiasis
• Hepatitis A-E Answer: See notes
Question 11.
Cleft Lip and Palate
Answer: Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that occur when soft tissues of
the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip and palate may occur either
together or separately. These conditions usually develop in the second month
of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures are forming. Every year in the
United States, approximately 2,650 babies are born with cleft palate and
approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft lip with or without a cleft
palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and seizure medication use
(especially in the first trimester) are significant risk factors. Additionally,
these defects are more prevalent in Native Americans and Asian Americans,
with African Americans having the lowest prevalence.
, The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The
severity of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip,
palate, and tongue (FIGURE 1-33). Feeding and nutritional issues may occur
because of these structural problems, which affect the ability to nurse and
eat.
Question 12.
Clinical Manifestations of Appendicitis
Answer: The first symptom is often pain near the umbilicus. As swelling
increases, the pain tends to move to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
(McBurney point). The pain gradually intensifies over approximately 12-24
hours. It is often aggravated by movement, so patients tend to guard their
abdomen. Due to normal anatomic variations, this pain may occur anywhere in
the abdomen. The pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures but
then will return and escalate as peritonitis develops. Anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal distention, and bowel pattern changes can also be
associated with appendicitis. Other manifestations reflect the inflammation
and infectious process (e.g., fever, chills, and leukocytosis). Additionally, the
patient should be monitored for signs and symptoms of peritonitis (e.g.,
abdominal rigidity, tachycardia, and hypotension)
Question 13.
Complications and Clinical Manifestations of GERD
Answer: Clinical manifestations include heartburn (early), epigastric pain
(usually after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea
(usually after eating), dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food,
and sensation of a lump in the throat. GERD can result in esophagitis,
strictures, ulcerations, esophageal hemorrhage, Barrett esophagus
(precancerous changes), esophageal cancer (usually adenocarcinoma), and
chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma
Question 14.
Consequences of gastroenteritis
Answer: Refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines usually
resulting from an infection or allergic reaction.
Question 15.
Clinical manifestations of bile duct obstruction
Answer: Abdominal pain in the upper right side.
Dark urine.
Fever.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis?
Answer: Develops because of a reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs.
Inflamed tissue creates abdominal tenderness and pain that worsen with
movement
Question 2.
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction?
Answer: Intestinal Obstruction
Question 3.
The cause of Hiatal Hernia
Answer: Occurs when a section of the stomach protrudes upward through an
opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm toward the thoracic cavity. The hiatus
develops from weakening of the diaphragm muscle, frequently resulting from
increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or straining to
defecate) or increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and
obesity). Other causes of a hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Question 4.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion
Answer: Antibiotics destroy some of these bacteria, which allow other types to
grow too much. In some cases, antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called
Clostridioides difficile to grow too much. This can lead to severe, watery, and
often bloody diarrhea called pseudomembranous colitis
Question 5.
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Answer: Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces (e.g.,
excess acid production) and protective mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus
production) induced by a secondary process rather than an innate defect. The
most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others)
and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
,Question 6.
Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis
Answer: Alcoholism
Question 7.
Define Intussusception
Answer: Telescoping of a portion of the intestine into another portion
Question 8.
Cause of Heartburn
Answer: Occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the
acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into the esophagus. The most
common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—like citrus fruits, tomatoes,
onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint. Spicy foods or large meals
can also be the root of distress. Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or
ibuprofen, as well as some sedatives and blood pressure medications.
Question 9.
Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Answer: Colon narrowed by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces,
Inflammation, Telescoping of ileum inside adjacent section of colon, Blood
vessels drawn in between layers and compressed, and Ileum appendix
Question 10.
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis
Answer: Cholelithiasis
• Hepatitis A-E Answer: See notes
Question 11.
Cleft Lip and Palate
Answer: Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that occur when soft tissues of
the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip and palate may occur either
together or separately. These conditions usually develop in the second month
of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures are forming. Every year in the
United States, approximately 2,650 babies are born with cleft palate and
approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft lip with or without a cleft
palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and seizure medication use
(especially in the first trimester) are significant risk factors. Additionally,
these defects are more prevalent in Native Americans and Asian Americans,
with African Americans having the lowest prevalence.
, The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The
severity of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip,
palate, and tongue (FIGURE 1-33). Feeding and nutritional issues may occur
because of these structural problems, which affect the ability to nurse and
eat.
Question 12.
Clinical Manifestations of Appendicitis
Answer: The first symptom is often pain near the umbilicus. As swelling
increases, the pain tends to move to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
(McBurney point). The pain gradually intensifies over approximately 12-24
hours. It is often aggravated by movement, so patients tend to guard their
abdomen. Due to normal anatomic variations, this pain may occur anywhere in
the abdomen. The pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures but
then will return and escalate as peritonitis develops. Anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal distention, and bowel pattern changes can also be
associated with appendicitis. Other manifestations reflect the inflammation
and infectious process (e.g., fever, chills, and leukocytosis). Additionally, the
patient should be monitored for signs and symptoms of peritonitis (e.g.,
abdominal rigidity, tachycardia, and hypotension)
Question 13.
Complications and Clinical Manifestations of GERD
Answer: Clinical manifestations include heartburn (early), epigastric pain
(usually after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea
(usually after eating), dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food,
and sensation of a lump in the throat. GERD can result in esophagitis,
strictures, ulcerations, esophageal hemorrhage, Barrett esophagus
(precancerous changes), esophageal cancer (usually adenocarcinoma), and
chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma
Question 14.
Consequences of gastroenteritis
Answer: Refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines usually
resulting from an infection or allergic reaction.
Question 15.
Clinical manifestations of bile duct obstruction
Answer: Abdominal pain in the upper right side.
Dark urine.
Fever.
