NUR EXAM 2 ELITE REVIEW WITH
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What is gastritis?
Answer: Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and
inflamed and irritated
Question 2.
What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer: Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS,
viruses and bacteria
Question 3.
What is GERD?
Answer: the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the
lower esophageal sphincter. The inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly
acidic stomach acid that comes up.
Question 4.
What are the causes of GERD?
Answer: Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal
sphincter or increases in abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large
amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and anatomical features like hiatal
hernia
Question 5.
What are complications of GERD?
Answer: Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal
squamous tissue in the distal esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer.
Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring. Esophageal strictures, pulmonary
symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in breathing
passages.
• What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? Answer:
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric
ulcers present on empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers
present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved by food). Can also be life
threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop in H/H
and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
,Question 6.
What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in
acidic areas. It slows down ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and
taking it away can help ulcers heal.
Question 7.
What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer: acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal
lining cannot absorb well.
Question 8.
What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the
e.coli and c.diff balance in intestine
Question 9.
What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis,
sepsis, colonic perforation.
Question 10.
How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions,
give oral antibiotics like metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or
colectomy if severe
• How do we prevent the spread of pseudomembranous colitis? Answer:
wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands with soap and water only
Question 11.
What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?
Answer: Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, presence of a positive McBurneys point
with pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, RLQ tenderness, systemic signs
of infection
Question 12.
How do we assess for appendicitis?
Answer: McBurney's point technique when pressing on the belly button and
RLQ hip region and removing the pressure causes intense pain, indicates
, positive appendicitis
Question 13.
What are the causes of bowel obstructions?
Answer: previous surgery of the intestines with adhesions, congenital
abnormalities of the bowel, metastatic cancer of the intestinal tract or female
reproductive organs, accumulation of fluid, gas, water and electrolytes in the
bowel.
Question 14.
What is a functional bowel obstruction?
Answer: a problem with the act of the bowel actually moving, such as things
that inhibit movement from surgery, medications, opioids, low fiber diets that
can slow motility or shut off the GI system from the SNS stimulation.
Question 15.
What is a mechanical bowel obstruction?
Answer: due to adhesions, hernia, tumors, impacted feces, volvus or twisting
of the intestines, intussusception
• What are the signs and symptoms of liver disease? Answer: hepatocellular
failure (jaundice, decreased clotting, hypoalbuminemia, decreased vitamin D
and K) and portal hypertension (GI congestion due to blockage of blood, more
esophageal or gastric varies, hemorrhoids, enlarged spleen,)
Question 16.
Explain what jaundice is?
Answer: green- yellow staining of tissues from increased level of bilirubin as
the liver cannot metabolize extra bilirubin
Question 17.
Where can you find jaundice on assessment?
Answer: eyes, skin, and mouth
Question 18.
Explain what ascites is?
Answer: pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to the
loss of albumin in the liver, causing fluid to be free amongst the cells. It can
cause a lot of pain in the abdomen, and it must be drained with a parenthesis
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
What is gastritis?
Answer: Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and
inflamed and irritated
Question 2.
What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer: Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS,
viruses and bacteria
Question 3.
What is GERD?
Answer: the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the
lower esophageal sphincter. The inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly
acidic stomach acid that comes up.
Question 4.
What are the causes of GERD?
Answer: Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal
sphincter or increases in abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large
amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and anatomical features like hiatal
hernia
Question 5.
What are complications of GERD?
Answer: Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal
squamous tissue in the distal esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer.
Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring. Esophageal strictures, pulmonary
symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in breathing
passages.
• What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease? Answer:
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric
ulcers present on empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers
present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved by food). Can also be life
threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop in H/H
and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
,Question 6.
What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in
acidic areas. It slows down ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and
taking it away can help ulcers heal.
Question 7.
What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer: acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal
lining cannot absorb well.
Question 8.
What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the
e.coli and c.diff balance in intestine
Question 9.
What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis,
sepsis, colonic perforation.
Question 10.
How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer: stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions,
give oral antibiotics like metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or
colectomy if severe
• How do we prevent the spread of pseudomembranous colitis? Answer:
wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands with soap and water only
Question 11.
What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?
Answer: Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, presence of a positive McBurneys point
with pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, RLQ tenderness, systemic signs
of infection
Question 12.
How do we assess for appendicitis?
Answer: McBurney's point technique when pressing on the belly button and
RLQ hip region and removing the pressure causes intense pain, indicates
, positive appendicitis
Question 13.
What are the causes of bowel obstructions?
Answer: previous surgery of the intestines with adhesions, congenital
abnormalities of the bowel, metastatic cancer of the intestinal tract or female
reproductive organs, accumulation of fluid, gas, water and electrolytes in the
bowel.
Question 14.
What is a functional bowel obstruction?
Answer: a problem with the act of the bowel actually moving, such as things
that inhibit movement from surgery, medications, opioids, low fiber diets that
can slow motility or shut off the GI system from the SNS stimulation.
Question 15.
What is a mechanical bowel obstruction?
Answer: due to adhesions, hernia, tumors, impacted feces, volvus or twisting
of the intestines, intussusception
• What are the signs and symptoms of liver disease? Answer: hepatocellular
failure (jaundice, decreased clotting, hypoalbuminemia, decreased vitamin D
and K) and portal hypertension (GI congestion due to blockage of blood, more
esophageal or gastric varies, hemorrhoids, enlarged spleen,)
Question 16.
Explain what jaundice is?
Answer: green- yellow staining of tissues from increased level of bilirubin as
the liver cannot metabolize extra bilirubin
Question 17.
Where can you find jaundice on assessment?
Answer: eyes, skin, and mouth
Question 18.
Explain what ascites is?
Answer: pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to the
loss of albumin in the liver, causing fluid to be free amongst the cells. It can
cause a lot of pain in the abdomen, and it must be drained with a parenthesis
