BIO 1500 FINAL MIZZOU EXPECTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS (2026)
●● Catabolic pathway
Answer: Metabolic pathway that breaks down molecules and releases
energy
●● Anabolic pathway
Answer: Metabolic pathway that builds complex molecules and requires
energy
●● Energy
Answer: The ability to do work or cause change
●● Potential energy
Answer: Stored energy due to position or structure
●● Kinetic energy
Answer: Energy of motion
●● Free energy (G)
,Answer: Energy available to do work in a system
●● Exergonic reaction
Answer: Reaction that releases free energy; ΔG is negative
●● Endergonic reaction
Answer: Reaction that requires energy input; ΔG is positive
●● First law of thermodynamics
Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed
●● Second law of thermodynamics
Answer: Energy transformations increase entropy
●● Entropy
Answer: A measure of disorder or randomness
●● ATP
Answer: Adenosine triphosphate, main energy currency of the cell
●● ATP hydrolysis
Answer: Breaking ATP to ADP + Pi to release energy
,●● Chemical work
Answer: ATP-driven synthesis of macromolecules
●● Transport work
Answer: ATP-driven movement of substances across membranes
●● Mechanical work
Answer: ATP-driven movement such as muscle contraction
●● Redox reaction
Answer: Reaction involving transfer of electrons
●● Oxidation
Answer: Loss of electrons
●● Reduction
Answer: Gain of electrons
●● NADH
Answer: Electron carrier that carries 2 electrons
, ●● FADH2
Answer: Electron carrier that carries 2 electrons
●● Glycolysis
Answer: First step of cellular respiration; glucose → 2 pyruvate
●● Location of glycolysis
Answer: Cytoplasm
●● ATP investment phase
Answer: Uses 2 ATP in glycolysis
●● ATP payoff phase
Answer: Produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH in glycolysis
●● Net ATP from glycolysis
Answer: 2 ATP
●● Pyruvate oxidation
Answer: Converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
●● Location of pyruvate oxidation
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS (2026)
●● Catabolic pathway
Answer: Metabolic pathway that breaks down molecules and releases
energy
●● Anabolic pathway
Answer: Metabolic pathway that builds complex molecules and requires
energy
●● Energy
Answer: The ability to do work or cause change
●● Potential energy
Answer: Stored energy due to position or structure
●● Kinetic energy
Answer: Energy of motion
●● Free energy (G)
,Answer: Energy available to do work in a system
●● Exergonic reaction
Answer: Reaction that releases free energy; ΔG is negative
●● Endergonic reaction
Answer: Reaction that requires energy input; ΔG is positive
●● First law of thermodynamics
Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed
●● Second law of thermodynamics
Answer: Energy transformations increase entropy
●● Entropy
Answer: A measure of disorder or randomness
●● ATP
Answer: Adenosine triphosphate, main energy currency of the cell
●● ATP hydrolysis
Answer: Breaking ATP to ADP + Pi to release energy
,●● Chemical work
Answer: ATP-driven synthesis of macromolecules
●● Transport work
Answer: ATP-driven movement of substances across membranes
●● Mechanical work
Answer: ATP-driven movement such as muscle contraction
●● Redox reaction
Answer: Reaction involving transfer of electrons
●● Oxidation
Answer: Loss of electrons
●● Reduction
Answer: Gain of electrons
●● NADH
Answer: Electron carrier that carries 2 electrons
, ●● FADH2
Answer: Electron carrier that carries 2 electrons
●● Glycolysis
Answer: First step of cellular respiration; glucose → 2 pyruvate
●● Location of glycolysis
Answer: Cytoplasm
●● ATP investment phase
Answer: Uses 2 ATP in glycolysis
●● ATP payoff phase
Answer: Produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH in glycolysis
●● Net ATP from glycolysis
Answer: 2 ATP
●● Pyruvate oxidation
Answer: Converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
●● Location of pyruvate oxidation
