NR 222 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers with Rationale (verified answers) |
Latest Update 2026-2027 | Graded A+
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of health
promotion according to the Ottawa Charter?
A) Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
B) Preventing disease through immunization and screening
C) Treating illness with evidence-based medical interventions
D) Reducing healthcare costs through managed care
Correct Answer: Enabling people to increase control over and improve their
health
Rationale: The Ottawa Charter defines health promotion as the process of
enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. This is
distinct from disease prevention, which focuses on reducing risk factors. Health
promotion emphasizes empowerment, participation, and creating supportive
environments.
2. What is the primary function of the Health Belief Model in predicting health
behavior?
A) To explain how individuals move through stages of change
B) To describe the relationship between perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits,
and barriers
C) To classify health behaviors according to cultural beliefs
D) To measure the impact of social determinants on health outcomes
Correct Answer: To describe the relationship between perceived susceptibility,
severity, benefits, and barriers
Rationale: The Health Belief Model is a psychological framework that predicts
health behaviors based on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived
,benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. It does not primarily
explain stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) or focus on cultural beliefs.
3. According to the Transtheoretical Model, which stage is characterized by no
intention to change within the next six months?
A) Precontemplation
B) Contemplation
C) Preparation
D) Action
Correct Answer: Precontemplation
Rationale: In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not aware of or not
interested in changing their behavior and have no intention to change within the
next six months. Contemplation involves awareness and intention to change
within six months. Preparation involves intention to change within 30 days.
4. Which term refers to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live,
work, and age that shape health?
A) Social determinants of health
B) Health disparities
C) Health literacy
D) Cultural competence
Correct Answer: Social determinants of health
Rationale: Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are
born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and
resources. Health disparities are differences in health outcomes linked to social,
economic, or environmental disadvantage. Health literacy refers to the ability to
obtain and understand health information.
5. What is the primary goal of primary prevention?
A) To detect disease at its earliest stage
B) To prevent disease before it occurs
C) To rehabilitate individuals after illness
D) To manage chronic conditions and prevent complications
,Correct Answer: To prevent disease before it occurs
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs through
health promotion and specific protection such as immunizations and lifestyle
modifications. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection, and tertiary
prevention focuses on rehabilitation and managing existing disease.
6. Which level of prevention is represented by a mammography screening
program?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: Secondary prevention
Rationale: Mammography screening is a secondary prevention strategy because it
detects breast cancer at an early, treatable stage before symptoms appear.
Primary prevention would be preventing cancer from occurring, and tertiary
prevention would be rehabilitation after diagnosis.
7. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
A) Administering immunizations to children
B) Providing cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction
C) Screening for hypertension in adults
D) Educating adolescents about tobacco cessation
Correct Answer: Providing cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and preventing
complications in individuals with established disease. Cardiac rehabilitation after a
myocardial infarction is a classic example. Immunizations are primary prevention,
and hypertension screening is secondary prevention.
8. What is the primary focus of the Health Promotion Model developed by
Nola Pender?
A) Identifying the stages of change individuals experience
B) Explaining how cognitive-perceptual factors influence health-promoting
, behaviors
C) Describing how social determinants shape health outcomes
D) Classifying diseases according to their causative agents
Correct Answer: Explaining how cognitive-perceptual factors influence health-
promoting behaviors
Rationale: Pender's Health Promotion Model focuses on cognitive-perceptual
factors such as perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal
influences that motivate individuals to engage in health-promoting behaviors. It is
distinct from the Transtheoretical Model and the Health Belief Model.
9. Which finding is most consistent with the assimilation process in cultural
adaptation?
A) An individual maintains their original cultural practices while adopting some
new ones
B) An individual gradually adopts and incorporates the characteristics of the
dominant culture
C) An individual rejects both their original culture and the new culture
D) An individual experiences conflict between their original culture and the new
culture
Correct Answer: An individual gradually adopts and incorporates the
characteristics of the dominant culture
Rationale: Assimilation occurs when an individual gradually adopts and
incorporates the characteristics of the dominant culture, often losing aspects of
their original cultural identity. Acculturation involves adopting some aspects of the
new culture while maintaining one's original culture. Biculturalism involves
functioning effectively in two cultures.
10.What is the primary purpose of the LEARN model in culturally competent
care?
A) To provide a structured framework for cross-cultural communication and
negotiation
B) To classify cultural groups according to their health beliefs
Answers with Rationale (verified answers) |
Latest Update 2026-2027 | Graded A+
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of health
promotion according to the Ottawa Charter?
A) Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
B) Preventing disease through immunization and screening
C) Treating illness with evidence-based medical interventions
D) Reducing healthcare costs through managed care
Correct Answer: Enabling people to increase control over and improve their
health
Rationale: The Ottawa Charter defines health promotion as the process of
enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. This is
distinct from disease prevention, which focuses on reducing risk factors. Health
promotion emphasizes empowerment, participation, and creating supportive
environments.
2. What is the primary function of the Health Belief Model in predicting health
behavior?
A) To explain how individuals move through stages of change
B) To describe the relationship between perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits,
and barriers
C) To classify health behaviors according to cultural beliefs
D) To measure the impact of social determinants on health outcomes
Correct Answer: To describe the relationship between perceived susceptibility,
severity, benefits, and barriers
Rationale: The Health Belief Model is a psychological framework that predicts
health behaviors based on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived
,benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. It does not primarily
explain stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) or focus on cultural beliefs.
3. According to the Transtheoretical Model, which stage is characterized by no
intention to change within the next six months?
A) Precontemplation
B) Contemplation
C) Preparation
D) Action
Correct Answer: Precontemplation
Rationale: In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not aware of or not
interested in changing their behavior and have no intention to change within the
next six months. Contemplation involves awareness and intention to change
within six months. Preparation involves intention to change within 30 days.
4. Which term refers to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live,
work, and age that shape health?
A) Social determinants of health
B) Health disparities
C) Health literacy
D) Cultural competence
Correct Answer: Social determinants of health
Rationale: Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are
born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and
resources. Health disparities are differences in health outcomes linked to social,
economic, or environmental disadvantage. Health literacy refers to the ability to
obtain and understand health information.
5. What is the primary goal of primary prevention?
A) To detect disease at its earliest stage
B) To prevent disease before it occurs
C) To rehabilitate individuals after illness
D) To manage chronic conditions and prevent complications
,Correct Answer: To prevent disease before it occurs
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs through
health promotion and specific protection such as immunizations and lifestyle
modifications. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection, and tertiary
prevention focuses on rehabilitation and managing existing disease.
6. Which level of prevention is represented by a mammography screening
program?
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: Secondary prevention
Rationale: Mammography screening is a secondary prevention strategy because it
detects breast cancer at an early, treatable stage before symptoms appear.
Primary prevention would be preventing cancer from occurring, and tertiary
prevention would be rehabilitation after diagnosis.
7. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
A) Administering immunizations to children
B) Providing cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction
C) Screening for hypertension in adults
D) Educating adolescents about tobacco cessation
Correct Answer: Providing cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and preventing
complications in individuals with established disease. Cardiac rehabilitation after a
myocardial infarction is a classic example. Immunizations are primary prevention,
and hypertension screening is secondary prevention.
8. What is the primary focus of the Health Promotion Model developed by
Nola Pender?
A) Identifying the stages of change individuals experience
B) Explaining how cognitive-perceptual factors influence health-promoting
, behaviors
C) Describing how social determinants shape health outcomes
D) Classifying diseases according to their causative agents
Correct Answer: Explaining how cognitive-perceptual factors influence health-
promoting behaviors
Rationale: Pender's Health Promotion Model focuses on cognitive-perceptual
factors such as perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal
influences that motivate individuals to engage in health-promoting behaviors. It is
distinct from the Transtheoretical Model and the Health Belief Model.
9. Which finding is most consistent with the assimilation process in cultural
adaptation?
A) An individual maintains their original cultural practices while adopting some
new ones
B) An individual gradually adopts and incorporates the characteristics of the
dominant culture
C) An individual rejects both their original culture and the new culture
D) An individual experiences conflict between their original culture and the new
culture
Correct Answer: An individual gradually adopts and incorporates the
characteristics of the dominant culture
Rationale: Assimilation occurs when an individual gradually adopts and
incorporates the characteristics of the dominant culture, often losing aspects of
their original cultural identity. Acculturation involves adopting some aspects of the
new culture while maintaining one's original culture. Biculturalism involves
functioning effectively in two cultures.
10.What is the primary purpose of the LEARN model in culturally competent
care?
A) To provide a structured framework for cross-cultural communication and
negotiation
B) To classify cultural groups according to their health beliefs
