Chemistry Module 3 Study Guide | Ionic & Covalent Bonding | Exam Review

lOMoARcPSD|64109549




nt
ry Bonding_removed.pdf)(#UUNDS*(HN
Module10/6/2026,
3 Study Guide
4:12:24
Ionic
AM10/6/2026,
& Covalent
(*OIUJE(**&EHUH(*&OIUEH*&E*&YE(E*E*(*EII&UChemistry
Bonding_removed.pdf)(#UUNDS*(HN
4:05:22 AMChemistry Module 3 Study(*OIUJE(**&EHUH(*&OIUEH*&E*&YE(E*E*(*EII&UChemistry
Guide Ionic & Covalent
Module
Bonding_removed.pdf)(#UUNDS*(HN
3 Study Guide Ionic & Covalent Bonding_removed.pdf
Module
(*OIUJE(**&EHUH(*&OIUEH*
3 Study Guide Ionic &




 Chemistry Module 3 Study Guide
(Ionic & Covalent Bonding, Nomenclature, Lewis Structures, VSEPR)




1. Ionic Bonding
● Definition: Electrostatic attraction between cations (+) and anions (–).

● Cations: Formed by losing electrons.

○ Group 1 → +1, Group 2 → +2 (ex: Ca²⁺).

○ Group 13 → +3 (ex: Al³⁺).

○ Transition metals → variable charges (Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺).

● Anions: Formed by gaining electrons (O²⁻, Cl⁻).

● Properties: Crystalline, brittle, high melting/boiling points, conduct electricity only when
dissolved or molten.




2. Covalent Bonding
● Definition: Sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

● Pure (nonpolar): Equal sharing (H₂, Cl₂).

● Polar: Unequal sharing → partial charges (HCl).

● Electronegativity: Increases left → right, decreases top → bottom.

○ F = most electronegative (4.0).

● Bond type by ΔEN:




nt
ry Bonding_removed.pdf)(#UUNDS*(HN
Module 3 Study Guide Ionic & Covalent Downloaded by Aplus(*OIUJE(**&EHUH(*&OIUEH*&E*&YE(E*E*(*EII&UChemistry
Grade ()
(*OIUJE(**&EHUH(*&OIUEH*&E*&YE(E*E*(*EII&UChemistry
Bonding_removed.pdf)(#UUNDS*(HN Module 3 Study Guide Ionic & Covalent Bonding_removed.pdf
Module 3 Study Guide Ionic &